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the Spine
CODILLIA CHEONG
ZUHAIR YUSOFF
AZREEN
Anatomy of
spine
Vertebral column
consist of 33
vertebrae:
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral (fused)
4 Coccygeal
(fused)
Appearance of Secondary
curvatures
1.year
New born
Only
Concavity
3-4.month
Cervical
curvature
develop as the
child able to
raise the head
(convexity)
Lumbar curvature
develop as the
child begin to
Adult
Function of spine
The spine is the central body pillar
that:
Enable us to stand upright
Gives our body structures and
support
Allow us to move freely and bend
with flexibility
Designed to protect the spinal cord &
roots of spinal nerves.
General characteristic
Cervical
vertebrae
C3-C7
vertebrae
Features of
cervical
vertebrae:
Presence of
transverse
foramen
Bifid spine
Triangular
vertebral
foramen
Superior
articular facet is
directed
Thoracic
vertebrae
Main function is to hold
the rib cage.
Features :
Presence of costal
facets on the side of
the body & transverse
processes
Small and circular
vertebral foramen
Long and tapering
spinous process
They increase in size
going downwards.
Lumbar Vertebrae
Numbered from L1-L5
Main function is to support the weight of
the body.
Largest segment of the vertebrae column.
Features:
Large, broad body.
Horizontal, Quadrangular
spinous process
Superior articular facet
directed medially
Sacral Vertebrae
Consists of 5 bones
fused together
Articulate with L5
and the ilium
Sacral promontory
-ant.& upper
margin of
1st.S.vtbra
Sacral hiatus
-lower opening of
Sacr.canal
Coccyx Vertebrae
Coccyx vertebrae
is made up of
four bones fused
together
Provides
attachment for
ligaments and
muscles of the
pelvic floor
Intervertebral Discs
Each vertebra is separated by an
intervertebral disc
Functions :
Act as a shock absorber between each
vertebra
Allow the spine to bend
23 intervertebral discs:
6 in the cervical region
12 in the thoracic region
5 in the lumbar region
The ALL and PLL are continuous bands that run from the
top to the bottom of the spinal column along the
vertebral bodies
They prevent excessive movement of the vertebral
bones.
ligamentum flavum attaches between the lamina of each
vertebra.
Spinal Cord
Cross
Spinal
Cord
Anterior
medianSection
fissure andof
posterior
median
sulcus
deep clefts partially separating left and right
halves
Gray matter: neuron cell bodies, dendrites, axons
Divided into horns
Posterior (dorsal) horn
Anterior (ventral) horn
Lateral horn
White matter
Myelinated axons
Divided into three columns
Ventral
Dorsal
lateral
Each of these divided into sensory or motor
tracts
Thirty-one pairs of
spinal nerves branch
off the spinal cord
Each spinal nerve
has two roots.
ventral (front) root
carries motor
impulsesfromthe
brain
dorsal (back) root
carries sensory
impulsestothe brain.
The ventral and
dorsal roots fuse
together to form a
spinal nerve