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Chapter # 12
Chemical
Industries
Lecture # 2
Preparation of Aldehydes
and Ketones
Presenter
Muhib Ullah

Laboratory prep of Formaldehyde

2

Industrial prep of
Formaldehyde

Outlines

4
5

Laboratory prep of
Acetaldehyde

Industrial prep of
Acetaldehyde

Prep of Acetone

Laboratory
preparation of
Formaldehyde

O
H

Reaction type: By oxidation of

Methanol
Catalyst:

Platinized Asbestos or

Cu or Ag
Temperature: 300 C
o

Laboratory preparation of
By oxidation of Formaldehyde
Methanol

O
H

C
H

2 CH3OH

H
H

H
H

O2

Pt-asbestos
300 OC

2HCHO + 2H

O
C

Pt-asbestos
300 OC

2H

H2O

Description of the
process

Mixture of methanol vapours and air is passed

over catalyst at 300 0C.
Gaseous formaldehyde with water is formed.
The reaction mixture which is called Formalin
consists of 40% formaldehyde, 08% methanol
and 52% water

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Industrial preparation of Formaldehyde
Sh e C
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2 CH3OH

Reaction type:
Catalyst:

O2

Pt-asbestos
300 OC

2HCHO + 2H2O

By oxidation of Methanol

FeO or Mo2O3 or Ag

Temperature: 500

Laboratory preparation of
Acetaldehyde

CH3
Reaction type:

By oxidation of Ethanol

Catalyst: Acidified

Sodium dichromate

[Na2Cr2O7

+ H2SO4]
Temperature: Use

[Boiling acid]

burner till H2SO4 start boiling

Laboratory preparation of
Acetaldehyde
Na Cr O + H SO

CH3CH2OH

[O]

CH 3CHO + H2

ember: [O] means oxygen is provided by oxidizing agent not from by

H
H

[
O]
H

Na2Cr2O7 + H2SO4

H
H2O

Laboratory preparation of
Acetaldehyde

Description of the
process

CH3CH2OH

[O]

Na2Cr2O7 + H2SO4

CH 3CHO + H2

Dissolve sodium dichromate in water contained in a small beaker

Add ethanol to the beaker
Heat the dilute acid in the flask until it begins to boil
Run the alcohol solution into boiling sulphuric acid
A vigorous reaction starts immediately forming liquid
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde formed is immediately distilled off to stop its further
oxidation to acetic acid
The acetaldehyde receiving flask should be surrounded by iced
water to stop its evaporation (BP of acetaldehyde is 21 0C)
To purify acetaldehyde formed it is redistilled

Laboratory preparation of
Acetaldehyde

Laboratory preparation of
Acetaldehyde

Extra information

1. By using primary alcohol we will get

aldehyde and by using secondary alcohol
we will get ketone
2. Acetaldehyde gets further oxidized to
form acetic acid if it remains in the
reaction flask
3. We can prevent complete oxidation of
acetaldehyde
a.by immediately distilling off the
acetaldehyde formed

Laboratory preparation of
Acetaldehyde
2nd method
Decarboxylation of a mixture of Ca
salts of formic acid
and acetic acid
Reaction type:

Catalyst: NA
Temperature: 400

Extra information
This method give a
poor yield and is
not considered a
useful method

O
H

Ca

Ca

CH
3

2 CH

Ca salt of formic acid

O
CH

+ 2CaCO3

Ca salt of acetic acid

Industrial preparation of Acetaldehyde

Reaction type:

By oxidation of Ethylene

[Ethene]
Catalyst:

PdCl2 + CuCl2

Temperature: 130

exothermic]
2 CH2

CH2 + O2

C [Although process is

PdCl2 + CuCl2
130 OC

2CH3CHO

H
C
H

H
C

+
H
C
H

H
C
H

O
H

Preparation of Ketone
Reaction type:

By decarboxylation of calcium

acetate
Catalyst:

NA

Temperature: 380
2 CH2

CH2 + O2

PdCl2 + CuCl2
130 OC

2CH3CHO

O
CH3

CH3 C

C
H

Ca

CaCO3

CH3

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Questio
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