DESIGN OF

RCC
FOUNDATION
S

INTRODUCTION

Concreteis acomposite materialcomposed of coarseaggregatebonded

together with a fluidcementwhich hardens over time. Most concretes used
arelime-based concretes such asPortland cementconcrete or concretes made
with otherhydraulic cements. However,asphalt concretewhich is very
frequently used forroad surfacesis also a type of concrete, where the cement
material isbitumen, andpolymer concretesare sometimes used where the
cementing material is a polymer.

Concrete may be defined as any solid mass made by the use of a cementing
medium; the ingredients generally comprise sand, gravel, cement and water.

That the mixing together of such disparate and discrete materials can result in a
solid mass (of any desired shape), with well-defined properties, is a wonder in
itself.

Concrete has been in use as a building material for more than a hundred and
fifty years . Its success and popularity may be largely attributed to:

Durability under hostile environments

Ease with which it can be cast into a variety of shapes and sizes

Its relative economy and availability

REINFORCED CONCRETE

Concrete would not have gained its present status as a principal

building material, but for the invention of reinforced concrete, which is
concrete with steel bars embedded in it.

The idea of reinforcing concrete with steel has a resulted in anew

composite material, having the potential of resisting significant tensile
stresses, which was impossible. Thus the construction of load-bearing
flexure members, such as beams and slabs, became viable with the
new material.

The steel bars (embedded in the tension zone of the concrete)

compensate for the concretes incapacity for tensile resistance,
effectively taking up all the tension, without separating from the
concrete.

The bond between steel and the surrounding concrete ensures strain
compatibility, i.e. the strain at any point in the steel is equal to that in
the adjoin concrete.

REINFORCED CONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION

Planning Phase : it is the job of the architect/planner to conceive and plan the
architectural layout of the building, to suit the functional requirements of the
client, with due regard to aesthetic, environmental and economic consideration.
Structural feasibility is also an important consideration, and for this the
structural designer has to be consulted.

Design Phase : once the design preliminary plans have been approved the
actual details of the project have to be worked out(on a paper ) by the various
consultants.

Construction Phase : The plans and designs conceived on paper get

translated into concrete. A structure may be well planned and well designed,
but it also has to be well built for, the proof of pudding lies in the eating. And for
this the responsibility lies not only with the contractor who is entrusted with the
execution, but also with the construction engineers who undertake supervisions
on the behalf of consultants. The work calls for proper management of various
resources, viz manpower, materials, machinery, money and time

FOUNDATION

In a structure built on ground, that part of the structure which is

located above ground is generally referred to as the
superstructure and the part which lies below ground is referred to
as substructure or the Foundation Structure(or simply
foundaion).

The choice of the type of foundation depends not only on the

type of the superstructure and the magnitudes and the types of
reactions induced at the base of the superstructure, but also on
the nature of the soil strata on the top of which the substructure
is to be founded.

TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS
1)Shallow Foundations

Spread footing or open trench foundations

Grillage foundations

Raft foundations

Stepped foundations

Inverted arch foundations

2)Deep Foundations

Pile foundations

Well foundations

Caisson foundations

TYPES OF FOOTING

Isolated Footings : For ordinary structures located on

reasonably firm soil, it usually suffices to provide a separate
footing for every column. Such a footing is called an isolated
footing. It is generally square or rectangle in plan; other shapes
are resorted under special circumstances.

Combined Footings : In some cases it may be inconvenient to

provide separate isolated footings for columns on account of
inadequate areas are available in plan. This may occur when two
or more columns are located close to each other and if they are
relatively heavily and rest on soil with low safe bearing capacity,
resulting in an overlap of areas if isolated footings are attempted.

TYPES OF FOOTING CONTD.

Combined Footings : In some cases it may be inconvenient to

provide separate isolated footings for columns on account of
inadequate areas are available in plan. This may occur when two
or more columns are located close to each other and if they are
relatively heavily and rest on soil with low safe bearing capacity,
resulting in an overlap of areas if isolated footings are attempted.

CONCLUSION

The project was initiated with the introduction to concrete and

reinforced concrete. The detailed overview of the project
construction and the designing were explained. The types of
foundations for the construction and the assumptions,
terminologies for the project has been explained.

The project explains the details about different types of footings

used in site along with the types of loadings and their effects.
Two foundations have been constructed one for withstanding
short term loads and the other for determining long term loads at
the project site.

On the conclusive the project explains the types of footings and

foundations constructed in the construction of a building.

THANK YOU