MANAGEMENT

SKILLS I

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Leading
Delegation
Styles of Leadership
Importance of motivation in business

LEADING DEFINITION
Leading is the ability to influence and direct people in a
particular direction to achieve the goals of the organisation.
It involves setting an example, directing employees and
delegating work.

LEADING
1. Setting an example
A leader should be clearly visible in the organisation, a role
model, setting an example of what is required of subordinates
in terms of behaviour.

LEADING
2. Direction
Directing staff by guiding them on the right course so that
everyone co-operates and works together to achieve the
goals of the organisation.

DELEGATION
Delegation involves the passing of authority from a manager to
a subordinate, to undertake specific work.

DELEGATION
The manager must ensure that the person to whom the task is
delegated has the necessary skills, and is provided with the
necessary resources to complete the task.

DELEGATION
The ultimate responsibility for the task remains with the
manager.
For example, in a large firm the managing director must
delegate tasks to the sales manager, accountant, human
resource manager etc.

ADVANTAGES OF DELEGATION
More efficient completion of projects, as manager is not
required to do all the work.

ADVANTAGES OF DELEGATION
Task may be completed to a higher standard because the
subordinate is accountable for performing the work and the
results achieved.

ADVANTAGES OF DELEGATION
Managers can prioritise tasks, and by delegating the less
important work managers can have more time to deal with the
important tasks.

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Authoritarian leadership
No consultation with subordinates

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Authoritarian leadership
All major decisions are made by the leader, orders are issued
and expected to be obeyed without question.

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Authoritarian leadership
There is little delegation of tasks to subordinates.

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Authoritarian leadership
Objectives are achieved using threats, fear and position of
authority to get agreement.

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Democratic leadership
Leader consults subordinates and seeks their opinions, and
encourages their participation in decision-making and
problem solving.

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Democratic leadership
Leader delegates authority and responsibility as he/she trusts
staff to do the work.

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Democratic leadership
Persuades employees rather than giving orders.

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Laissez-faire leadership
The leader sets the objectives and subordinate must
decide how to achieve them.

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Laissez-faire leadership
The manager provides little or no direction and gives
employees as much freedom as possible.

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Laissez-faire leadership
All authority or power is given to employees and they must
determine goals, make decisions and solve problems on their
own.

IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP IN AN

ORGANISATION
An effective leader delegates tasks to employees staff are
trusted and more involved in the business.

IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE
LEADERSHIP IN AN ORGANISATION
An effective leader sets in example of what is required by
subordinates in an organisation.

IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE
LEADERSHIP IN AN ORGANISATION
An effective leader gives clear directions to employees. They
know exactly what is required of them in the organisation.

IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE
LEADERSHIP IN AN ORGANISATION
A good leader gets everyone to work together to achieve the
goals of the organisation.

MOTIVATING
Many theories have been developed over the years to help
management identify how best to motivate people.
There are two main theories of motivation on how to motivate
employees:
1. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
2. McGregors Theory X and Theory Y

MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

According to Maslow, most people are motivated by a desire to
satisfy a group of five specific needs.
Maslow stated that each individual has a hierarchy of needs
and he/she will look to satisfy a higher need only when the
lower one has been satisfied.

MCGREGORS THEORY X AND THEORY

Y

McGregor examined behaviour of individuals at work and what

managers believe about employees and formulated two
theories called Theory X and Theory Y.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THEORY X
MANAGER

Manager controls employees possible conflict between

management and employees.
Employees are unlikely to use own initiative.
No consultation in decision-making
Little delegation of work.
Employees become unco-operative and poorly motivated
resulting in poor quality goods and services.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THEORY Y
MANAGER
Manager delegates work.
Employees given extra responsibilities.
Employee participation in decision-making.
Employees more co-operative and motivated.
More innovation, improved quality, increased profitability.

IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION IN
BUSINESS
Motivated employees will work hard for the success of the
business, productivity is improved.

IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION IN
BUSINESS

Motivated employees are more likely to be more innovative

and creative, coming up with new ideas to help the business.

IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION IN BUSINESS

Motivated employees create a positive atmosphere in the
workplace. Morale is higher with less industrial relations
problems.

IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION IN
BUSINESS
Motivated employees are more likely to stay with the business
in the long term, are willing to undergo training to improve
their skills to help the business be more successful.

RECAP

Leading
Delegation
Styles of Leadership
Importance of motivation in business