summer INTERNSHIP

2016

INDIAN RAILWAYS
MAHARAJA AGRASEN
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
MISHA AHUJA
30214807314
SRISHTI SARAF
40814608213

ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAYS

Indian Railways (IR) is an Indian state-owned enterprise,

owned and operated by the Government of India through
the Ministry of Railways. It is one of the world's largest
railway networks comprising 115,000 km (71,000 mi) of
track over a route of 67,312 km (41,826 mi) and 7,112
stations. In 2014-15, IR carried 8.397 billion passengers
annually or more than 23 million passengers a day
(roughly half of whom were suburban passengers) and
1058.81 million tons of freight in the year.

Indian Railways is divided into 17 zones, which are further

sub-divided into divisions. The number of zones in Indian
Railways increased from six to eight in 1951, nine in 1966
and sixteen in 2003. Each zonal railway is made up of a
certain number of divisions, each having a divisional
headquarters. There are a total of sixty-eight divisions.

OVERVIEW OF INTERNSHIP
PERIOD
We've received the scheduled Internship Training, as a
part of our curriculum, from 20 June, 2016 to 22July,
2016 under Divisional Railway Manager, Northern
Railway Zone.
The topics which are covered in training period are:
Electronic

Interlocking at Delhi Cantt Railway Station.

OFC & Telephone Exchange at DRM office, New Delhi.
Data Communication at DRM office, New Delhi.
GSM-RCommunication at MTRC, New Delhi.
Overview of Signal & Communication at S&T
Workshop, Ghaziabad.

INTERLOCKING
Inrailway signaling aninterlockingis an
arrangement of signal apparatus that prevents
conflicting movements through an arrangement
of tracks such asjunctions or crossings. The
signaling appliances andtracksare sometimes
collectively referred to as aninterlocking plant.
An interlocking is designed so that it is
impossible to display a signal to proceed unless
the route to be used is proven safe.
Route setting type Relay Interlocking (Route
Relay Interlocking) system is adopted for major
and junction stations and Non-Route setting

TYPES OF INTERLOCKING
ELECTRO-MECHANICAL

INTERLOCKING
RELAY INTERLOCKING
ELECTRONIC INTERLOCKING

RELAY INTERLOCKING
Interlocking effected purely electrically consist of complex circuitry made up
ofrelays in an arrangement ofrelay logic that ascertain the state or position
of each signal appliance. As appliances are operated, their change of position
opens some circuits that lock out other appliances that would conflict with
the new position. Similarly, other circuits are closed when the appliances they
control become safe to operate.
Such an interlocking may also be designed to operate without a human
operator. These arrangements are termedautomatic interlocking.

RELAYS

Route making
of trains

RAILWAY SIGNALING
Theinformationexchange
concerning
the
establishment and control of atelecommunication
circuittand the management of the network, in
contrast touserinformation transfer known as
signalling.

MOBILE TRAIN RADIO

COMMUNICATION(MTRC)
The Mobile Train Radio Communication
(MTRC) system uses the Global System for
Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R)
technology to facilitate an instant and constant
interaction with the train crew with the Control
Centre and Station Master.
GSM-R,Global System for Mobile
Communications RailwayorGSM-Railwayis an
internationalwirelesscommunications standard
forrailwaycommunication and applications.
It is used for communication between train and
railway regulation control centers
It ensures safety of passengers by providing
effective communication between Driver and
Control Room. The MTRC system can be used to
warn the drivers beforehand of the running
trains as well as the concerned officials.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
Atelephone exchangeis
atelecommunicationssyste
m
used
in
thepublic
switched
telephone
networkor
in
large
enterprises. An exchange
consists
of
electronic
components and in older
systems
also
human
operators that interconnect
(switch)
telephone
subscriber lines or virtual
circuits of digital systems to

INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL

NETWORK (ISDN) and TRUNK LINE
ISDN is a set of communication standards for simultaneous
digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network
services over the traditional circuits of the public switched
telephone network.
Atrunk lineis acircuitconnectingtelephone switchboards (or
other switching equipment), as distinguished fromlocal loop
circuit which extends fromtelephone exchange switching
equipment to individualtelephonesor information
origination/termination equipment. Trunk lines are used for
connecting aprivate branch exchange(PBX) to a telephone
service provider.

TYPES OF TRUNK LINES

(1) Tie Trunk
A trunk that directly
interconnects, or ties together,
two PBXs in a private network
configuration, a tie trunk is a
dedicated circuit that generally
is leased from a public carrier.
(2) E and M Trunk
E &M(earth & magneto, or ear
& mouth) is a type of
supervisory linesignalingthat
uses DC signals on separate
leads, called the "E" lead and
"M" lead, traditionally used in
the telecommunications
industry betweentelephone
switches.

DATA COMMUNICATION
and NETWORKING
The interconnection of a large number of data
processing devices through suitable communication
links enabling data transfer between the data
processing devices constitutes a DATA NETWORK.

Passenger Reservation System (PRS)

National Train Enquiry System (NTES)
Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS)
Freight Operations Information System ( FOIS)
Coaching operations Information System (COIS)
Control Office Automation (COA)
Crew Management System (CMS)
Material Management Information System (MMIS)

PRIVATE AND PUBLIC

NETWORKS
Railway applications primarily run over Railways
Private Network, i.e. only Railway applications are
transported by the network. In contrast, in the
Public Networks, like INTERNET, various
applications used by the public are carried by the
data networks. In special cases, Railway may
make use of public networks using Virtual Private
Network (VPN) solutions.
Railways Private Network is built up by utilising
bandwidth from Railways own Railtel Corporation
of India (RCIL) or leasing bandwidth from BSNL or
other service providers.

COMMUNICATION MEDIA
WIDE AREA NETWORK
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
OSI REFERENCE MODEL
Non-IP Networks:
Modems: V.24, RS 232
Statistical Multiplexers
Line drivers
IP Networks
Modems:(64 Kbps/2 Mbps) V.35, G.703.
Hub: Ethernet (10/100/1000 Mbps) IEEE 802.
Switches ( level 2) : Ethernet ( 10/100/1000 Mbps)
Managed switches (level 3) : Ethernet ( 10/100/1000
Mbps)
LAN extenders.

LOCAL AREA NETWORK

WIDE AREA NETWORK

OSI REFERENCE MODEL

THANKYO
U