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By group 3:
Annisa Putri Said
Nur Muthmainnah
Sri Arwini Bahrun
Dien Aulia Bansu
Solution
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of ions or molecules of two
or more substances.
Two parts :
Solvent is the component that is in the largest quantity
Solute is the component that is dissolved in the solvent.
If one of the components of a solution is a liquid it is usually the
solvent.
If the solvent is water then the solution is identified as an
aqueous solution.
Salt
Solvent
Water
Solution
Salt Solution
Concentration of Solute
The amount of solute in a solution is given
by its concentration.
Measurements :
Percentage
Molarity
Molality
Percentage (%)
Example
Percentage (%)
Example
x 100
Example
Mole fraction
Example
In our glass of iced tea, we have added 3 tbsp of sugar
(C12H22O11). The volume of the tea (water) is 325 mL. What is
the mole fraction of the sugar in the tea solution?
(1 tbsp sugar 25 g)
First, we find the moles of both the solute and the solvent.
1 mol C12 H 22 O11
= 0.219 mol
342
g
C
H
O
12
22
11
1 mol H 2 O
= 18.1 mol
18.0 g H 2 O
325mL H 2 O
Next, we substitute the moles of both into the mole fraction equation.
sugar =
moles solute
0.219 mol sugar
=
total moles solution
(0.219 mol + 18.1 mol)
0.012
Concentration of Solution
Molarity
Molarity is calculated using the following equation:
Example
NaCl
1molNaCl
58.44 gNaCl
1L
solution
1000mL
12.6 g NaCl
344 mL
= 0.627 M NaCl
Concentration of Solution
Molality
Molality is calculated using the following equation:
Example
Example
Dilutions
Dilution
Add Solvent
Diluting Solutions
Often once you have made a stock
solution, you need to dilute it to a working
concentration.
To determine how to dilute the stock
solution, use the formula:
C concentration of stock
C1V1 = C2V2
C - concentration of diluted solution
1
2
Example
Container A holds a solution that is 80% alcohol while container B holds a solution that
is 20% alcohol. How many liters of the solution in container A are needed to produce 12
liters of a solution that is 60% alcohol?
Solution:
Let us use this equation:
C1V1 = C2V2
where C stands for concentration. It's a more general way to write the dilution equation.
(80) (x) + (20) (12 - x) = (60) (12)
80x + 240 - 20x = 720
60x = 480
x=8L
Notice that x is the volume of the 80% solution while 12 - x is the volume of the 20%
solution.
Any Question??