VSICM6 M02 VirtualizationIntro

Software-Defined Data Center
Module 2
2015 VMware Inc. All rights reserved.
You Are Here

1. Course Introduction
7. Virtual Machine Management
2. Software-Defined Data Center
8. Resource Management and
3. Creating Virtual Machines

4. vCenter Server
5. Configuring and Managing
Virtual Networks
6. Configuring and Managing
Virtual Storage
Monitoring
9. vSphere HA and vSphere Fault
Tolerance
10. Host Scalability
11. vSphere Update Manager and
Host Maintenance
12. Installing vSphere Components
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

2-2
Importance
VMware vSphere is based on many components with which a vSphere
administrator should be familiar. You must understand the following
concepts and best practices:
Virtualization, VMware ESXi, and the virtual machine
The fundamental vSphere components and how vSphere can be

used in the software-defined data center
How VMware vSphere Client and VMware vSphere Web Client

are used to administer and manage vSphere environments

2-3
Module Lessons
Lesson 1:
Introduction to the Software-Defined Data Center
Lesson 2:
vSphere Client
Lesson 3:
Overview of ESXi

2-4
Lesson 1:
Introduction to the SoftwareDefined Data Center
2-5
Learner Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to meet the following
objectives:
Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures
Describe the benefits of using virtual machines
Describe how vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and storage
Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud and the software-defined data center

2-6
Topology of a Physical Data Center

Administering and maintaining a physical data center is time consuming and
often inefficient.
Applications
Operating System
Physical Host
Fibre
Channel
Ethernet
FCoE
Storage
iSCSI
Storage
NFS
Storage
Local Area
Network
Fibre Channel
Storage

2-7
Introducing the Virtual Infrastructure

Virtualization enables you to run more workloads on a single server by
consolidating the environment so that your applications run on virtual
machines.
Virtual
Machines
Hypervisor
ESXi Host
Fibre
Channel
Ethernet
FCoE
Storage
iSCSI Storage
NFS Storage
Local Area
Network
Fibre Channel Storage

2-8
About Virtual Machines

A virtual machine is a software computer that, like a physical computer,
runs an operating system and applications.
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine Components

Operating system
VMware Tools
Virtual resources such as:
CPU and memory
Network adapters
Disk controllers
Parallel and serial ports

2-9
Benefits of Using Virtual Machines

Physical Machines
Virtual Machines
Difficult to relocate:
Easy to relocate:
Moves require downtime.
Encapsulated into files.
Specific to physical hardware.
Independent of physical hardware.
Difficult to manage:
Easy to manage:
Require physical maintenance.
Isolated from other virtual machines.
Hardware failures cause downtime.
Insulated from hardware changes.
Hardware has limitations:
Provide the ability to support

legacy applications.
Hardware changes limit application
support.
Enable servers to be consolidated.
One-to-one relationship between
application and server.

2-10
Physical Architecture and Virtual Architecture

Virtualization is a technology that decouples physical hardware from a
computer operating system and provides a solution to many of the
problems that IT staff face.
Physical Architecture
Virtual Architecture
Application
Operating System
vSphere
x64 Architecture
x64 Architecture

2-11
Physical Resource Sharing
Virtual
Resources
vSphere
x64
Architecture
Physical
Resources

2-12
CPU Virtualization
In a physical environment, the operating system assumes the ownership
of all the physical CPUs in the system.
CPU virtualization emphasizes performance and runs directly on the
available CPUs.
Application
Operating System
vSphere
x64 Architecture
x64 Architecture

2-13
Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage

In a physical environment, the operating system assumes the ownership
of all physical memory in the system.
Memory virtualization emphasizes performance and runs directly on the
available RAM.
Application
1 GB
2 GB
Operating System
vSphere
x64 Architecture
x64 Architecture

8 GB
2-14
Physical and Virtual Networking

Virtual Ethernet adapters and virtual switches are key virtual networking
components.
Application
Operating System
Virtual Switch
x64 Architecture
vSphere
x64 Architecture

2-15
Physical File Systems and VMFS

VMware vSphere VMFS enables a distributed storage architecture,
allowing multiple ESXi hosts to read or write to the shared storage
concurrently.
Application
Operating System
vSphere
vSphere
x64 Architecture
x64 Architecture
x64 Architecture
NTFS, ext4, UFS
Shared Storage: VMFS,

NFS, Virtual SAN
2-16
Encapsulation
VM 1
Virtual machine files are stored in directories on a

VMFS or NFS datastore.
VM 2
VM 3
Datastore: VMFS or NFS

2-17
About the Software-Defined Data Center

In a software-defined data center, all infrastructure is virtualized, and the
control of the data center is entirely automated by software.
Software-Defined Data Center
Policy-Based Management
and Automation
Cloud Automation
Cloud Operations
Cloud Business
Virtualized Infrastructure
Hybrid Cloud
Abstract and Pool
VMware and
vCloud Air Data Center Partners
Compute Abstraction =
Server Virtualization
Network Abstraction =
Virtual Networking
Storage Abstraction =
Software-Defined Storage
Public
Clouds

Public
Clouds
2-18
How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is an approach that uses the efficient pooling of an ondemand, self-managed, virtual infrastructure.
Private
Cloud
Hybrid
Cloud
Public
Cloud
VMware
vSphere

2-19
About Private Clouds

Private clouds are pools of resources dedicated to a single enterprise.
Internet
Advantages:
Self-service provisioning
Elasticity of resources
Enterprise Private Cloud
Rapid and simplified
provisioning
Secured multitenancy
Improved use of IT
resources
Better control of IT
Gizmo Division
Widget Division
Human
Resources
Sales
budgets

2-20
About Public Clouds

In their infrastructure public cloud service, providers host many types of
IT operations for multiple businesses.
Advantages:
Customer management of IT
Cloud Service Provider
Rapid and flexible
deployments
Efficient and cost-effective
deployments
Secure IT assets
Capital expenses converted
to operating expenses
Company
A
Company Company
B
C

2-21
About Hybrid Clouds

IT assets are housed both internally on customer premises and in public
clouds.
Hybrid
Cloud
App
App
Loads
Loads
Management
vSphere
App
Loads
App
App
Loads
Loads
Management
Bridge
vSphere
Private
Clouds
Public
Clouds
Use Cases
Disaster recovery
Traffic overflow
Quick provisioning
Offsite backup
Data archiving
Development / QA / test
2-22
Review of Learner Objectives

You should be able to meet the following objectives:
Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures
Describe the benefits of using virtual machines
Describe how vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and storage
Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud and the software-defined data center

2-23
Lesson 2:
vSphere Client
2-24
Learner Objectives
objectives:
Identify the user interfaces used with the ESXi host and VMware vCenter
Server
Download and install vSphere Client
Use vSphere Client to access your ESXi hosts and vCenter Server

2-25
User Interfaces
You use the vSphere Web Client and the vSphere Client to interact with
a vSphere environment.
ESXi
Host
vSphere Client
vCenter
Server
Your
Desktop
vSphere Web Client

2-26
Downloading vSphere Client

You use the vSphere
Client to connect
remotely to an ESXi
host and vCenter
Server from a
Windows system.
Pointing to the vCenter Server

system or the ESXi host
Ways to download the

vSphere Client:
Use the VMware
vCenter Server
Installer.
Download the client
from the vCenter

Server system or an
ESXi host. Internet
access is required.
Downloading the vSphere Client to a

supported Windows system
2-27
Using vSphere Client

In the vSphere Client login
window, you enter the following
information:
Host name or IP address of ESXi
host or vCenter Server

User name
Password
Or you can use your Windows

session credentials.

2-28
vSphere Client: Configuration Tab

When you log in to an ESXi host, the vSphere Client shows the ESXi
host in the left pane. You use the Configuration tab to view or configure
the hosts hardware and software settings.

2-29
Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration

You can view processor and memory configuration information for the
ESXi host in the Hardware list on the Configuration tab.

2-30
Viewing and Exporting ESXi Host System Logs

You can use the vSphere Client to view system logs. You export the
system logs to an archive file and send them to VMware Support.

2-31
Viewing Licensed Features

You assign a valid license key to your ESXi host through the Licensed
Features link. The Licensed Features pane shows the type of license
and available features.

2-32
Lab 1: Installing vSphere Client

Access the student desktop and install vSphere Client
1. Access Your Student Desktop System
2. Install vSphere Client

2-33

Identify the user interfaces used with the ESXi host and VMware vCenter
Server
Download and install vSphere Client
Use vSphere Client to access your ESXi hosts and vCenter Server

2-34
Lesson 3:
Overview of ESXi
2-35
Learner Objectives
objectives:
Describe ESXi host architecture
Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host
View ESXi host settings:
Processor and memory configuration
Licensing
DNS and routing
Security profile
Identify user account best practices

2-36
About ESXi Hosts

An ESXi host has the following availability and features:
Available for purchase with vSphere or as a free version that can be
downloaded.
High security:
Memory hardening
Kernel module integrity
Trusted platform module
Small disk footprint

Installable on hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, and diskless
hosts

2-37
Physical and Virtual Architecture

The ESXi hypervisor provides a virtualization layer that abstracts the
processor, memory, storage, and networking resources of the physical
host and allocates them to multiple virtual machines.
vSphere Web Client
vCLI (Scripting)
vSphere Client
vSphere API/SDK
vCenter Server
VMM
VMM
VMM
VMM
CIM
(Hardware
Management)
VMM
VMware Hypervisor: VMkernel

2-38
Configuring an ESXi Host

The Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) is similar to the BIOS of a
computer, with a keyboard-only UI.

2-39
Configuring an ESXi Host: Root Access

DCUI enables an administrator to configure root access settings.
Set a root password (complex passwords only).
Enable or disable lockdown mode:
Limits management of the host to vCenter Server.
Enabled only for hosts managed by vCenter Server.

2-40
Configuring an ESXi Host: Management Network

The DCUI enables you to modify network settings:
Host name
IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway)
DNS servers

2-41
Configuring an ESXi Host: Other Settings

The DCUI enables an administrator to configure the keyboard layout,
enable troubleshooting services, view support information, and view
system logs.

2-42
Network Settings: DNS and Routing

The DNS and Routing link enables an administrator to apply the host
name and domain, DNS server addresses and search domains, and the
default VMkernal gateway.

2-43
Remote Access Settings: Security Profile

The security profile controls remote access to an ESXi host:
Remote clients are prevented from accessing services on the host.
Local clients are prevented from accessing services on remote hosts.
Unless configured otherwise, daemons, such as DCUI or NTP server
processes, start and stop with the ESXi host.

2-44
Managing User Accounts Best Practices

Exercise care when assigning user accounts to access ESXi hosts or
vCenter Server systems.
Strictly control root privileges to ESXi hosts.
Use the vSphere Web Client to manage ESXi hosts.
Log in to the vCenter Server system using vCenter Server user accounts,
which can be either local or domain accounts.

2-45
Lab 2: Configuring ESXi Hosts

Configure an ESXi host
1. Examine the ESXi Host Hardware Configuration
2. Configure the DNS and Routing Information for an ESXi Host
3. Configure an ESXi Host to Use Directory Services

2-46

Describe ESXi host architecture
Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host
View ESXi host settings:
Processor and memory configuration
Licensing
DNS and routing
Security profile
Identify user account best practices

2-47
Key Points
Using virtual machines solves many data center problems.
Virtual machines are hardware independent.
Virtual machines share the physical resources of the ESXi host on which they
reside.
A virtual machine is a set of files that is easy to transfer and back up.
Virtual machine files are encapsulated into a folder and placed on a datastore.
The ESXi hypervisor runs directly on the host.
vSphere abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and networking for virtual machine
use.
Questions?

2-48

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Software-Defined Data Center

2015 VMware Inc. All rights reserved.

You Are Here

7. Virtual Machine Management

2. Software-Defined Data Center

8. Resource Management and

3. Creating Virtual Machines

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Virtualization, VMware ESXi, and the virtual machine

The fundamental vSphere components and how vSphere can be

How VMware vSphere Client and VMware vSphere Web Client

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Introduction to the Software-Defined Data Center

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Topology of a Physical Data Center

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Introducing the Virtual Infrastructure

Fibre Channel Storage

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

About Virtual Machines

Virtual Machine Components

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Benefits of Using Virtual Machines

Moves require downtime.

Encapsulated into files.

Specific to physical hardware.

Independent of physical hardware.

Require physical maintenance.

Isolated from other virtual machines.

Hardware failures cause downtime.

Insulated from hardware changes.

Hardware has limitations:

Provide the ability to support

Hardware changes limit application

Enable servers to be consolidated.

One-to-one relationship between

application and server.

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Physical Architecture and Virtual Architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Physical Resource Sharing

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Physical and Virtual Networking

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Physical File Systems and VMFS

NTFS, ext4, UFS

Shared Storage: VMFS,

2015 VMware Inc. All rights reserved.

Virtual machine files are stored in directories on a

Datastore: VMFS or NFS

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

About the Software-Defined Data Center

Abstract and Pool

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

About Private Clouds

Enterprise Private Cloud

Rapid and simplified