Cell Organelle Notes

p. 66-68

A. Cell Wall
1. Found in plants, fungi, algae, nearly all
prokaryotes
2. Animals do not have cell walls
3. Allows water, O2, and CO2 to pass through
4. **Provides support and protection for the
cell
5. Made of cellulosea tough carbohydrate fiber
6. (Principle component of wood and paper)

B. Cell Membrane
1. Thin, flexible layer that surrounds the
cytoplasm
2. Composed mainly of phospholipids
3. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
in order to maintain homeostasis

Magnification of Cell Membrane

Nucleus

C. Nucleus
1. Controls most cell processes and
contains the hereditary information (DNA)
2. Found in almost all Eukaryotic cells
3. Contains nearly all of the cells DNA
ChromatinUnwound form of DNA
ChromosomesCondensed form of DNA

D. Chromatin and Chromosomes

1. DNA bound to protein
2. Chromatin is the Stringy material seen in
Nucleus
3. The chromatin Condense to form
Chromosomes when cell divides

Chromatin and Chromosomes

E. Nucleolus
1. Dense region in
nucleus where
ribosomes are made

Nucleolus

F. Nuclear Envelope
1. Double membrane that surrounds
nucleus
2. Contains thousands of Nuclear Pores
allow material to move in and out

Nuclear Envelope
1. The Nuclear
Envelope is a
double
membrane that
contains pores so
that substances
can move in and
out of the
nucleus.

G. Cytoskeleton
1. Network of protein filaments that help the
cell maintain its shape
2. Aid in movement of organelles

Cytoskeleton

G. Cytoskeleton
3. Two types of fibers:
a. Microtubuleshollow tubes of proteins

Help maintain shape

Act as track for movement of organelle
Form Centrioles important when cell divides
(separate chromosomes)
Bundles of Microtubules form cilia and flagella
(movement)

b. Microfilamentsmovement and support of

cell (long thin fibers)

Organelles in Cytoplasm

H.

Ribosomes

1. Make proteins in the cell

2. Made of RNA and Protein
3. Make proteins specific to the instructions
given by DNA

4. Some
Ribosomes
are attached
to the
Endoplasmic
reticulum and
some are free
floating in the
Cytoplasm.

I. Endoplasmic Reticulm
1. Internal membrane system
2. Smooth ER is where components (parts)
of cell membrane are assembled
3. Rough ER is where proteins are modified

Rough ER

J. Rough ER
1. Modifies Proteinshas Ribosomes
attached
proteins made and then shipped into ER for
modification

Rough ER

K. Smooth ER
1. Synthesize Lipids
Makes parts of cell
membrane

Golgi Apparatus

L. Golgi Apparatus
1. Proteins move from
ER to Golgi
2. Enzymes attach
Carbohydrates and
Lipids to the protein in
the Golgi
3. Proteins are
packaged and sent to
their destination

M.

Lysosomes

1. Small packages filled with enzymes

2. Break down lipids, carbohydrates,
proteins (food) to be used by cell
3.Break down old organelles
4. Remove debris

N. Vacuoles
1. Saclike structure that stores water, salts,
proteins, carbohydrates
2. Plant cellssingle, large, central, fluid
turgor pressure
a. Small Vacuoles are called Vesicles
used for transporting substances in the cell

Vacuole

Chloroplast

O. Chloroplasts
1. Found in plants and other organisms
not in animal or fungal cells
2. Has double membrane
3. **Where photosynthesis occurs
4. Contain green pigment called
chlorophyll
5. Have stacks of photosynthetic
membranes

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

P.

Mitochondria

1. Release energy from stored food

molecules
2. Use food to form ATP (Molecule that is
used as energy in cell)
3. Enclosed by two membranes (inner folds
and outer) Chemical reactions
4. Found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

Mitochondria

Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

Make a Venn Diagram to compare and
contrast plant and animal cells:
Plant cell

Animal cell

Both

Number your paper from 1-11.

Structure
1.
2.
3.
4.
.
.
.
.

Function
1.
2.
3.
4.
.
.
.
.

7.
8.
9.

10.

6
.

11.
5.

1.
2.

4.
3.

The Cell is Like a Protein Factory

Write a paragraph that describes how
proteins are made in the cell. Use the
following words in your paragraph:
Nucleus
Ribosome
Rough ER
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicles