The contrastive analysis on the

level of lexis
Muhammad Chanif Alfan
(201312500912)
Irma Nuraini Amri
(201312500891)
Andreas Martinus
Harmin(201312500935)
Intan Ayu Leilasari
(201312500583)
Aulia Fitriani
(201312500616)
Khoirun nisa
(201312500668)

What Is Lexis?
A term in linguistics for the vocabulary of a
language. lexis is the stock of words in a
given language. Jim Scrivener (2005) states
that while vocbulary typically refers mainly
to single words , lexis is bigger. It refers
to our internal database of words and
complete ready-made fixed / semi-fixed /
typical combinations of words.

English
is
very
different
from
Indonesian. English word are mostly
monosyllabic,
whereas
Indonesian
words are mostly polysyllabic. There
are
very
few
monosyllabic
in
Indonesian, and most of them are, as a
matter of fact, borrowed from English.

Example
English

Indonesia
n

Eat
Drink
Write
One
Sing

Makan
Minum
Menulis
Satu
Menyanyi

 Words of the same basic meaning have

different forms. It depends on the grammatical
categories to which they belong.
Example :
- He is healty. His Health is terrific
- The table costs two million dollar. It is a very
high
Price.

 In Indonesia there are quits a lot of word of the

same basic meaning having the same form.
although they belong to the differnt parts of
speech.
- Dia sakit. Sakitnya membuat saya sedih
- He is sick. His sick makes me unhappy
Sakit in the First sentence is an adjective, and
in the Second sentence a noun.
- Dia mau Seminar. Seminarnya di Senayan.
- He is going to Seminar. The Seminar isi n
Senayan.
In the First sentence Seminar is a verb, and in
the Second sentence a noun.

 The same semantic category is referred to by the

same
word in Indonesian. Specialization or
specification is shown by the word modifying the word
of category.
Example 1:
A person who has been trained in medical sciense is
always called dokter.
- dokter gigi = a dentist
- dokter umum: a general prectitioner
- dokter bedah : a surgeon
- dokter anak : an orthopaedist

Example 2:
Flesh of animals used as food, including
fish and Bird is always called daging.
-

Daging
Daging
Daging
Daging
Daging

sapi = beef
babi = pork
ayam = chicken
kambing = lamb
tongkol = tuna.

Example 3:
Bodly suffering is always sakit
-

Sakit
Sakit
Sakit
Sakit

gigi = a toothache
tenggorokan = a sorethroat
demam = a cold
batuk = a cough

*Dia sakit = he is sick

Jarinya sakit= his finger is paintful

Example 4 :
Baby animals
-

Anak
Anak
Anak
Anak

ayam=chicken
kucing=kitten
anjing=puppy
biri-biri=lamb

English and Indonesian have the

same categories of taboo words .
Except
for
Scientifiec
talk
or
discussion, words related to seksual
intercourse and human vital organs
are taboo. Words related to any how
bodily suffering which can a rouse
intens felling are taboo when a dressed
to the person under the suffering.
However, cancer and aids are not
taboo in Indonesian.

 Swear words in english are usually the for

letter words and some others.
In Indonesia, swear words are usually names of
animals which are degrated.
Example :
-

Anjing! =dog
Bangsat! =disgusting animal
Monyet! =monkey
Babi! =pig

 Indonesian has a great number of words

borrowed from English. However, many of them
are different from the original words in terms of
either.
*Pronunciation
*Meaning
Impor
: import
akurat : very accurate
Expor
: export
hobi
: like ( a verb)
Informasi : information konsekwen : concistent
Konvensi : convention

The indefinite article a/an is refer to

by different words depending on the
class of the word that follows.

Example :
Seekor : modifies an animal
Seorang : modifies a person
Sebuah : modifies inanimate
Sebilah : modifies a blade and knife
Sepucuk : modifies a letter

Idiomatic expressions in English use different

reference from that in Indonesian.
Example :
Cold feet : keringat dingin (cold sweat)
Broad shoulder : dada bidang (Broad chest)
Puppy love
: cinta monyet (monkey love)
Broken heart
: patah hati (broken liver)

One word in Indonesian may have

different meaning in English.
Example :
Senang : like (verb)
Happy (adjective)
Test : a test
To test
To be tested

CONCLUSION
It is now obvious that English
Lexis is very different from
Indonesian lexis in many ways.
Therefore, Indonesian students
learning English may find English
Vocabulary is the most difficult of
all the English aspects.