GROUP 6

ENZYMES and HORMONE

Anggi Anggraini
Ervi Luthfi Sheila W.
Lubis
Ilmi Fadhilah Rizki
Rudi Purwanto

THE OBJECTIVE OF MINI

RESEARCH

Knowing the relation between

sex, age, education and
occupation, to the
understanding about enzyme
and hormone in life society

ENZYME
Enzymes are organic biological catalyst
that produced in the protoplasm of living
organisms, which consists of a protein or a
compound that binds to the protein.
The enzymehas twomainfunctionsas
follows.
1.Speed up orslow
downchemicalreactions.
2.Arrange thenumberof
differentreactionsin the same time.

Properties ofEnzymes
a.Enzymesonlychangethe speed
ofreaction,meaning thatthe enzymedoes
notchangethe final product that isformedor
affectthe balance ofthe reaction, butonly
increasesthe rate ofa reaction.
b.Enzymeswork inspecific,meaning thatonly
affect theenzyme specificsubstrate.
c.Enzymesare proteins.Because of that,
theenzymehas properties like
proteins.Enzymesworkatthe optimum
temperature, as usually at room
temperature.The enzymewill lose its activityas
the pH conditionis tooacid (strong acid) ortoo

d. Enzymesare neededin small

amounts.Accordingwithits functionas a catalyst,an
enzymeneeded insmall amounts.
e.Enzymesworkreversible. Thereactions that controlled
byenzymes can turn,means thatthe enzymedoes
notdetermine the direction ofthe reaction butonly speed
upthe reaction ratein order to
reachequilibrium.Enzymescan break downa
compoundinto other
compounds.Orconversely,arrangethe compoundsinto
specific compounds.
f.The enzymeis influencedby environmental
factors.Factors that influence theaction of the enzyme is
temperature, pH, activators
andinhibitors(inhibitors)andsubstrate concentration.

HORMONES
Ahormone is a chemical released by a cell or a gland in
one part of the body that sends out messages that affect
cells in other parts of the organism. Only a small amount
of hormone is required to change cellmetabolism. In
essence, it is a chemical messenger that transports a
signal from one cell to another. Allmulticellular
organismsproduce hormones;planthormones are also
calledphytohormones. Hormones inanimalsare often
transported in the blood. Cells respond to a hormone
when theyexpressa specificreceptorfor that hormone.
The hormone binds to the receptor protein, resulting in
the activation of asignal transductionmechanism that
ultimately leads to cell type-specific respons

Endocrine hormone molecules are

secreted (released) directly into the
bloodstream, whereas exocrine hormones
(or ectohormones) are secreted directly
into a duct, and, from the duct, they flow
either into the bloodstream or from cell to
cell by diffusion in a process known as
paracrine signalling.

Effects of hormones
Hormones have the following effects on the body:
stimulation or inhibition of growth
moodswings
induction or suppression ofapoptosis(programmed cell
death)
activation or inhibition of theimmune system
regulation ofmetabolism
preparation of the body formating,fighting,fleeing, and
other activity
preparation of the body for a new phase of life, such
aspuberty,parenting, andmenopause control of
thereproductive cycle
hunger cravings
A hormone may also regulate the production and release
of other hormones. Hormone signals control the internal
environment of the body throughhomeostasis.

Hormonal signaling involves the following:

Biosynthesisof a particular hormone in a particular
tissue
Storage andsecretionof the hormone
Transportof the hormone to the target cell(s)
Recognitionof the hormone by anassociated cell
membraneorintracellularreceptorprotein
Relay and amplificationof the
receivedhormonalsignal via asignal
transductionprocess: This then leads to a cellular
response. The reaction of the target cells may then be
recognized by the original hormone-producing cells,
leading to adown-regulationin hormone production. This
is an example of ahomeostaticnegative feedback loop.
Degradationof the hormone.

SEX CATEGORIES
From 50 persons participants we
divided in sex categories and we get
the result
Sex
Participants
Female

38

Male

12

TOTAL
PARTICIPANTS :

50

For sex categories , we can get the

percentage of female and male that
ever and never heard about enzyme
and hormone :
Sex:
Ever (%)
Never (%)
ENZYME
Female

100 %

0%

Male

100 %

0%

HORMONE
Sex :

Ever (%)

Never (%)

Female

94.74 %

5.26 %

Male

91.67 %

8.33 %

From the table, we can get the

percentage of female and male that
answer for all a question about enzyme
and hormone
ENZYME :
Sex

True (%)

False (%)

Abstain
(%)

Female

76.97 %

23.03 %

0%

Male

62.5 %

27.08 %

10.42 %

HORMONE:
Sex
Female
Male

True (%)

False (%)

Abstain
(%)

74.34 %

25.66 %

0%

52.09 %

33.33 %

14.58 %

AGE CATEGORIES
From 50 participants we divide
statistically using distributive table and
the table we can se below
RANGE OF AGE

FREQUENCY

15-19

26

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

For all age range, we can get percentage

that the participants that ever or never
hear about our topic are :
ENZYME
Range of:

Frequency

Ever (%)

Never (%)

15-19

26

100 %

0%

20-24

100 %

0%

25-29

100 %

0%

30-34

35-39

100 %

0%

40-44

100 %

0%

45-49

100 %

0%

Age

HORMONE :
Range of
Age

Frequency

Ever (%)

Never (%)

15-19

26

96.15 %

3.85 %

20-24

100 %

0%

25-29

100 %

0%

30-34

35-39

75 %

25 %

40-44

100 %

0%

45-49

100 %

0%

From the calculation, we can get the

percentage of each age of range that
answer for all a question about enzyme
and hormone
ENZYME :
Range of
Age

Frequenc
y

True (%)

False (%)

Abstain
(%)

15-19

26

70.19 %

29.81 %

0%

20-24

70 %

30 %

0%

25-29

87.5 %

12.5 %

0%

30-34

35-39

68.75 %

31.25 %

0%

40-44

72.22 %

16.67 &

11.11 %

45-49

75 %

12.5 %

12.5 %

HORMONE
Range of
Age

Frequency

True (%)

False (%)

Abstain
(%)

15-19

26

67.31 %

32.69 %

0%

20-24

55 %

45 %

0%

25-29

56.25 %

37.5 %

6.25 %

30-34

35-39

56.25 %

43.75 %

0%

40-44

66.67 %

22.22 %

11.11 %

45-49

62.5 %

12.5 %

25 %

EDUCATION CATEGORIES
From 50 persons participants we
divided in education categories and we
get the result
Education

Participants

Elementary School

Junior High School

Senior High School

18

S-1

25

S-2

S-3

For education categories, we can get

the percentage of all participants that
ever and never heard about enzyme and
hormone
ENZYME :
Education

Ever (%)

Never (%)

Elementary
School

100 %

0%

Junior High
School

100 %

0 %

Senior High
School

100 %

0%

S-1

100 %

0%

S-2

100 %

0%

S-3

HORMONE :
Education

Ever (%)

Never (%)

Elementary
School

0%

100 %

Junior High
School

100 %

0%

Senior High
School

100 %

0%

S-1

96 %

4%

S-2

100 %

0%

S-3

From the calculation, we can get the

percentage of each education that answer
for all a question about enzyme and
hormone
ENZYME:
Education

True (%)

False (%)

Abstain (%)

Elementary
School

25 %

75 %

0%

Junior High
School

37.5 %

62.5 %

0%

Senior High
School

52.78 %

15.28 %

31.94 %

S-1

71 %

29 %

0%

S-2

100 %

0%

0%

S-3

HORMONE
Education

True (%)

False (%)

Abstain (%)

Elementary
School

50 %

50 %

0%

Junior High
School

0%

100 %

0%

Senior High
School

61.11 %

20.83 %

18.06 %

S-1

73 %

27 %

0%

S-2

75 %

12.5 %

12.5 %

S-3

OCCUPATION CATEGORIES
From 50 persons participants we
divided in occupation categories and we
get the result
Occupation

Participants

Enterpreneur

Civil Servants (PNS)

13

Private Sector
Employees

Teacher

School Students

University Students

22

No occupation

For occupation categories , we can get

the percentage of all participants that
ever and never heard about enzyme and
hormone :
ENZYME
Occupation
Ever (%)
Never (%)
Enterpreneur

100 %

0%

Civil Servants
(PNS)

100 %

0%

Private Sector
Employees

100 %

0%

Teacher

100 %

0%

School Students

100 %

0%

University
Students

100 %

0%

No Occupation

100 %

0%

HORMONE
Occupation

Ever (%)

Never (%)

Enterpreneur

66.67 %

33.33 %

Civil Servants
(PNS)

92.31 %

7.69 %

Private Sector
Employees

100 %

0%

Teacher

100 %

100 %

School Students

66.67 %

33.33 %

University
Students

100 %

0%

No Occupation

100 %

0%

From the calculation, we can get the

percentage of each age of range that
answer for all a question about enzyme
and hormone
ENZYME :
Occupation

True (%)

False (%)

Abstain (%)

Enterpreneur

50 %

50 %

0%

Civil Servants
(PNS)

84.62 %

15.38 %

0%

Private Sector
Employees

37.5 %

62.5 %

0%

Teacher

62.5 %

37.5 %

0%

School
Students

16.67 %

83.33 %

0%

University
Students

82.95 %

17.05 %

0%

No
Occupation

80 %

20 %

0%

HORMONE
Occupation

True (%)

False (%)

Abstain (%)

Enterpreneur

58.33 %

41.67 %

0%

Civil Servants
(PNS)

68.75 %

31.25 %

0%

Private Sector
Employees

50 %

50 %

0%

Teacher

62.5 %

37.5 %

0%

School
Students

8.33 %

91.67 %

0%

University
Students

86.36 %

13.64 %

0%

No Occupation

45 %

55 %

0%