Switched Mode Power

Supply

Contents:

General description of Power Supply

Advantages/Disadvantages of SMPS
Block diagram of SMPS
Basic topologies and practical
requirements
Working of various SMPS topologies:
1. Flyback Converter
2. Push-pull Converter
3. Half bridge Converter
4. Full bridge Converter
Applications of SMPS
Conclusion

Power Supply:Any device that supplies electric

power to an electric load.
The different types of power
supplies include:
- Battery
- DC power supply
- AC power supply
- Linear regulated power supply
- Switched mode power supply
- Programmable power supply
- Uninterruptible power supply

Switched Mode Power Supply:

An electrical power supply that incorporates a
switching regulator to convert electrical power
efficiently.
It transfers power from a source, to a load, while
converting voltage and current characteristics.
Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio
of on-to-off time.

Advantages of SMPS over Linear Power

Supplies:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Lower weight
Smaller size
Higher efficiency
Lower power dissipation
Wide ac input voltage range
Reduced costs

Disadvantages of SMPS:
1. Complexity of the circuit

Block diagram of a SMPS

1. Input rectifier stage:

It is used to convert an ac input to dc. A SMPS with dc
input does not require this stage. The rectifier
produces unregulated dc which is then passed through
the filter circuit.

2. Inverter stage:
The inverter stage converts DC, whether directly
from the input or from the rectifier stage
described above, to AC by running it through a
power oscillator, whose output transformer is
very small with few windings at a frequency of
tens or hundreds ofkilohertz.
3. Output transformer:
- If the output required is to be isolated from
input, the inverted AC is used to draw the
primary windings of a high frequency
transformer. This converts the voltage up or
down to the required output level on its
secondary winding.
4. Output rectifier:
- If the dc output is required, the ac output from
the transformer is rectified.
5. Regulation:

Factors to be considered while

selecting a topology for a particular
application:

1. Is input-to-output dielectric isolation required for the

application?
2. Are multiple outputs required?
3. Does the prospective topology place a reasonable voltage
stress across the voltage semiconductors?
4. Does the prospective topology place a reasonable current
stress across the voltage semiconductors?
5. How much of the input voltage is placed across the
primary transformer winding or inductor?
Typical maximum output power available from each
Converter Topology
Maximum output
topology:
power
Flyback

200W

Forward

300W

Push-pull

500W

Half bridge

1000W

Full bridge

>1000W

Use of non-isolated topologies:

Non isolated topologies are the simplest, with the three basic
types using a single inductor for energy storage.
Type

Power(
W)

Relati
ve
Cost

Energy
Storage

Voltage
Relation

Features

Buck

0-1000

1.0

Single
inductor

0 Out In
V2=D.V1

Continuou
s current
at output

Boost

0-150

1.0

Single
inductor

Out In
V2=V1.[(1)/(1D)]

Continuou
s current
at input

Buckboost

0-150

1.0

Single
inductor

Out 0
V2= -V1[(D)/(1D)]

No
continuou
s current

Use of various transformer isolated

topologies:

Working of various SMPS Topologies:

1. Flyback converter:

Mode 1 Operation -- Q1 ON
Current builds up in the primary winding
Secondary winding has the opposite polarity D 1 OFF
C maintains the output voltage, supplies load current

Mode 2 Operation -- Q1 turned OFF

Polarity of the windings reverses
Diode D1 conducts, charging C and providing current to the
load RL
Secondary current falls to 0 before the next cycle begins

Waveform Summary:

2. Push-Pull Converter:

Operation of the Push-Pull Converter:

Q1 ON, Vs across the lower primary winding

Q2 ON, Vs across the upper primary winding

3.Half-Bridge Converter:

Mode 1 Operation
Q1 ON, D1 is conducting
Energy transferred to the load

Mode 2 Operation
Both transistors are OFF
D1 continues to conduct due to current in L1

Mode 3 Operation:
Q2 ON, D2 conducting
Energy transferred to the load

Mode 4 Operation
Both transistors OFF
D2 continues to conduct due to current in L1

Waveform Summary k<0.5

Full-Bridge Converter:

Mode 1 Operation
Q1,Q4 ON, Q2,Q3 OFF
D1 conducting, energy transferred to the load

Mode 2 Operation
All transistors are OFF
D1 continues to conduct due to current in L1

Mode 3 Operation
Q2,Q3 are ON, Q1,Q4 OFF
D2 conducting, energy transferred to the load

Mode 4 Operation
All transistors are OFF
D2 continues to conduct due to current in L1

Waveform Summary k<0.5

Applications of SMPS:

1. Machine tool industries

2. Security Systems
(Closed circuit cameras)
3. Support supplies with PLCs
4. Personal Computers
5. Mobile Phone chargers

SMPS in Indian markets:

iball 600W
Rs. 4700

Seasonic 500W
Rs. 3600

Antec 750W
Rs. 6600

UMAX 450W
Rs. 570

Cooler master 550W

Rs. 3800

Corsair 750W
Rs. 10700

Conclusion:
The most common SMPS topologies: flyback,
push-pull, half bridge and full bridge converters
have been outlined.
Each has its own particular operating
characteristics and advantages, which makes it
suitable to particular applications.
Some of the most common applications of SMPS
have been discussed.

References:
www.wikipedia.org
www.howstuffworks.com
Philips semiconductors manual
Lambda semiconductors manual
Motorola semiconductors manual
Microchip manual

Thank you!!

Questions?