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D.SARATHKUMAR.,B.E.,
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CONTENT
The discussion is divided into
following sections.
Hydration-Introduction
Hydration Process or Mechanism
Heat of Hydration
Factors Affecting Hydration
Special Types of Cement
References
HYDRATION- INTRODUCTION
Chemical
reaction
take
place
between cement and water is
referred as hydration.
Hydration is the reaction(Series of
chemical reactions) of cement with
water
to
form
the
binding
material(C-S-H Gel).
x
c
Structural water
Adsorbed water
Capillary pore
C-S-H layer
C-S-H particle
HYDRATION- INTRODUCTION
Bogues Compounds
Name of the
Formula
Compound
Abbreviated
Percentage
Formula
Tri-calcium
Silicate
3CaO.SiO2
C3S
25-50
Di-calcium
Silicate
2CaO.SiO2
C2S
20-45
Tri-Calcium
Aluminate
3CaO.Al2O3
C3A
5-12
Tetra Calcium
Aluminoferrite
4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O
C4AF
6-12
HYDRATION- INTRODUCTION
HYDRATION PROCESS-C3S
Calcium Silicate Hydrates
3 CaO.2SiO.3H2O + 3Ca(OH)2
2(3CaO.SiO2)+6H2O
OR
2C3S+6H
C3S2H3 + 3Ca(OH)2
HYDRATION PRODUCTS
SEM micrographs of fractured C3S pastes (w/c = 0.4) in pure water at (A) 7 days, (B)
13 days, (C) 1 month of hydration
HYDRATION PRODUCTS
HYDRATION PROCESS-C2S
Calcium Silicate Hydrates
3CaO.2SiO.3H2O + 3Ca(OH)2
2(2CaO.SiO2)+4H2O
OR
2C2S+4H
C3S2H3 + Ca(OH)2
C-S-H (Gel)
HYDRATION PROCESS-C3A
Calcium Aluminate Hydrates
3CaO.Al2O3.6H2O
3CaO.Al2O3+H2O
OR
C3A + H
C3AH6
HYDRATION PROCESS-C4AF
4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3+H2O
OR
C4AF + H
The
3CaO.Al2O3.6H2O
+CaO.Fe2O3.H2O
C3AH6
HYDRATION PRODUCTS
Volume relationships
Hydration mechanisms
in Portland cement
Hydration mechanisms
in Portland cement
HEAT HYDRATION
The
Exothermic-An
exothermic reaction is a
chemical reaction that releases by light
or heat.
The
HEAT HYDRATION
the
Aluminate
tri-sulphate
preinduction period
II
acceleration period
III
10
20
30
time (hours)
Ettringite to monosulfate
transformation and further
aluminate hydration
C3A hydration
Formation of ettringite
Ettringite coating
retards further
aluminate hydration
FACTORS AFFECTING
HYDRATION
Chemical
Composition of Cement
Cement Type
Sulfate Content
Fineness of Cement
Water Cement Ratio
Curing Temperature
Effect of Admixtures
SPECIAL TYPES OF
CEMENT
Acid
Resistance Cement
Blast Furnace Cement
Expanding Cement
Coloured Cement
High Alumina Cement
Hydrophobic Cement
Low Heat Cement
Oil Well Cement
IRS-T 40 Special Cement
ACID RESISTANCE
CEMENT
This
BLAST FURNACE
CEMENT
For
EXPANDING CEMENT
This
COLOURED CEMENT
Coloured cement will be obtained by mixing of
pigments with ordinary Portland cement.
The amount of coloring material may vary from
5 to 10 %.
If this percentage exceeds 10 % the strength of
cement is affected.
SI .No
Pigment
Colour
Chromium Oxide
Green
Cobalt Imparts
Blue
Manganese Dioxide
Black or Brown
HYDROPHOBIC CEMENT
This type of cement contains admixtures which
decrease the wetting ability of cement grains.
The usual hydrophobic admixtures are acidol,
naphthenesoap, oxidized petrolatum, Oletic acid
and Stearic acid.
Above substance formed water repellent film
around each cement grains.
This film protects them form the bad effect of
moisture during storage and transportation.
The film is broken out when the cement and
aggregate are mixed together at the mixer
exposing the cement particles to normal hydration.
SI.
No
Days
Heat produced
by OPC (cal/gm)
Cal-Calories
89-90
28
90-100
1 Calories =
REFERENCES
M S Shetty, Concrete Technology Theory and Practice, S Chand
& Company Pvt Ltd,2011.
Dr M L Gambir, Concrete Technology Theory and Practice, Tata
McGraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd, 2015.
P Kumar Mehta, Paulo J M Monteiro, Concrete Micro Structures,
Properties and Materials, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd,
2008.
S C Rangwala, Engineering Materials(Material Science),
Charotar Publishing House Pvt Ltd, 2009.
PPT from, Hydration of Cement, Institut de Mineralogie et
Petrographiem University de Fribourg.
Dr.Abbas Oda Dawood, Concrete Technology, Lecture
Notes, Department of Civil Engineering-Misan
University.
Thanking You
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