Orthographic, Oblique

&
Isometric Projections
Created by
Carpentry & Joinery Section
Granville TAFE.

Statement
of
Objectives
The student will be able to:-

1.

Reproduce oblique, isometric & orthographic representations of

objects

2.

Draw the plan view, front and side elevation of a particular object
given either the isometric or oblique representation.

3.

Draw an isometric or oblique representations of an object given the

plan, front and side elevation.

4.

State the need for using scales when drawing an object.

5.

Draw the plan of an object at a scale of 1:2 and 1:5

6.

Find the measurements from a plan when a scale is given but no

measurements are given on the plan.

Any object can be drawn.

The purpose of drawing may be to show the object either

as a picture or to show it in a way that would enable
someone to make it.

In the building Trade drawings

serve two purposes
1.

Cottages can be drawn as a pictorial by an architect.

2.

Or drawn by a builder to show what it will look like when

finished.

In the building Trade drawings

serve two purposes

Housing joints can be shown the

same way for similar reasons.

Through housing joint

Cottages can be drawn

orthographically

This shows internal details such as:-

1.

Room sizes and spacing.

2.

Orthographic projections is from one aspect only.

3.

This gives the builder the information required to do the

job.

Cottages can be drawn

orthographically

This also applies to a simple

housing joint for the same reason

Pictorial drawings most commonly used in

the building trade are either
ISOMETRIC OR OBLIQUE PROJECTION

They are probably used more in freehand sketches on the

job, than detailed drawings.

Pictorial drawings most commonly used in

the building trade are either
ISOMETRIC OR OBLIQUE PROJECTION

Isometric projection is a method

used to depict three sides of an
object.
( ISO meaning equal, metric meaning measure)

An isometric drawing shows length, width & thickness.

However any lines which are not parallel to the length, width &
thickness are not true measurements.

For example the diagonals of a square or rectangle are equal on

the actual object , but do not appear so in isometric.

The vertical lines are drawn vertically and the angle is 30

degrees.

Isometric projection is a method

used to depict three sides of an
object.

Oblique projection is another

method of showing three sides of
an object in one drawing.

An oblique drawing shows one view in true proportion.

The sides of an object are drawn full size and at a angle of

45 degrees.

To PROPORTION the drawing we halve the measurement

of the oblique side.

Oblique projection is another

method of showing three sides of
an object in one drawing.

This can be better illustrated if a

cube is drawn in both
isometric & oblique projection.

The diagonals on the face of the oblique drawing are equal

because this is a true view but not on the isometric.

This can be better illustrated if a

cube is drawn in both
isometric & oblique projection.

Orthographic projection is the

correct or true shape of an object
drawn
on
a
flat
surface.
It is the main method used to represent an object in a
.

drawing

It gives three views of the object in three separate

drawings.

Gives three basic dimensions, Length, Width & Thickness

Gives three views of the object plan, front, & side elevation

Orthographic projection is the

correct or true shape of an object
drawn on a flat surface.

The object shown if surrounded by 3

surfaces or planes (vertical, side
vertical & horizontal) each of the 3
views is called projection.

The three surfaces or planes are to be represented on

paper as one flat surfaces.

The object shown if surrounded by 3

surfaces or planes (vertical, side
vertical & horizontal) each of the 3
views is called projection.

The 3 views of the object on a

drawing are obtained by projecting
or throwing points of the object
onto
the
drawing.
These projection lines are at 90 degrees to the surface of

the object. Therefore the view obtained will be a true one.

The plan is obtained by looking

down on the top of the object.
(i.e. projecting onto the horizontal plane.)

The front elevation is projected

onto the vertical plane but
looking from the front.

The side elevation is projected onto the

side vertical plane.
looking from the side

Drawing paper represents one flat

surface, so if the objects drawn
were laid out flat then the three
views
would
appear
as
drawn.
Projections are made from one view to another.
Projecting from the plan and front elevation will give the
side elevation.

Drawing paper represents one flat

surface, so if the objects drawn
were laid out flat then the three
views would appear as drawn.

Orthographic projection is used for

working drawings it is essential that
the sizes or dimensions are placed
Most objects to be drawn are bigger than the drawing
onto the drawing.

sheet, then it is necessary to fit or scale the object it so it

can be placed onto the paper.

Orthographic projection is used for

working drawings it is essential that
the sizes or dimensions are placed
onto the drawing.

To keep the drawing in proportion

the actual dimensions are reduced
in the same ratio. This is called
Although the actualSCALING
measurements are written on the

drawing they dont actually measure that amount on a

SCALED drawing.

To keep the drawing in proportion

the actual dimensions are reduced
in the same ratio. This is called
SCALING

Drawing to scale is the reducing or

enlarging by ratio of an object from
its actual size that can fit onto a
working
Scaling is a ratio
that can be drawing.
expressed as:

1:2 1:5 1:10 1:50 1:100

The scale chosen depends on the size of the object and the
size of the drawing paper.

Drawing to scale is the reducing or

enlarging by ratio of an object from
its actual size that can fit onto a
working drawing.

On a scale of 1:5 the 300

represents 300mm but to a scale
of 1:5 in represents 60mm
( 300 = 60 )
50

If measurements are indicated on a

drawing they should be used in
preference to scaling.

All dimensions are not shown on a drawing as this would

clutter the working drawing. If this is the case scale
matching the drawing can be done but accuracy can be
compromised.

If measurements are indicated on a

drawing they should be used in
preference to scaling.

At this stage you should be have

some knowledge of:1.

3 different types of drawings.

2.

How to draw and recognise these types.

3.

The purpose of scales.

4.

How to use scales.

Carpenters have to do the actual building which

involves READING plans and interpreting
drawings.
Without this knowledge of drawing any carpenter
will find it hard to understand the plans and
therefore hard to build the job.