PRESENTATION OF DATA

SUBMITTED TO:
BY: PROF. AJAY KHURRANA
1201-1210

SUBMITTED
16 MBA
MBA 1C

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY

Introduction : The collection and classification of

data lead to the problems of

presentation of data.
The presentation of data means
exhibition of the data in such a clear
and attractive manner that these are
easily understood and conclusions
are drawn thereof.

Methods of presentin

Tabular Presentation of Data : The Main objective of the tables is to present the data

in such a way as to attract the attention of an

individual to important information.
As table is that method of presentation of data which

symmetrically organizes the data rows and columns.

In the words of Neiswanger, A statistical table is a

systematic organization of data in columns and rows.

Objectives of Tabulation
1. Simple
2. Brief
3. Facilities Comparison
4. Helpful in Presentation
5. Helpful in Analysis
6. Clarifies the Chief Characteristics of

Data
7. Economy

Difference between
Classification and
Tabulation
1. Classification and tabulation have to be
2.
3.
4.

5.

done in the sequence

Classification
forms
the
basis
of
tabulation.
Tabulation is the mechanical function of
classification
Classification is a process of statistical
analysis whereas tabulation is a process
of presentation.
Classification divides the data into
classes and sub-classes, while tabulation

Main Parts or Components of a

Statistical
1. Table Number :

2.

3.
4.
5.

Different tables must

have different numbers, e.g., 1,2,3., etc.
Numbers facilitate location of the tables.
Title of the Table : A table must have a
title. The title must be simple, clear and
short.
Head Note : Head note completes the
information in the title of the table.
Stubs : Stubs are titles of the rows of a
table.
Caption : A caption indicates information

6. Body or Field : It shows the whole

information contained in the table. Each
item in the body is called cell.
7. Footnotes : Footnotes are given for the
clarification of the reader.
8. Source : When tables are based on
secondary data, source of the data is to
be given. Source of the data is specified
below the footnote. It should give: name
of the publication and publisher, year of
publication, reference page numbers, etc.

General
Rules
for
Constuction of a Table :
Table Number
Title
Captions
Stubs
Body

Total

Special Emphasis

Percentage and Ratio

Place of Approximation

Source of Data

Simplicity

Size of Table
Headings
Abbreviations should

not be used
Footnote
Units

the

Tabular Presentation of
Data
Table Number

Table Title
Column Header

Row Classifier
Body

Source Note

According
General
Special
Simple
Double
to
or
Purpose
Purpose
Purpose
Construction
Oneor Two-way
way
Tables
Tables
Tables
tables

According to Construction
1.

Simple Table :- A simple table is

that
which
shows
only
one
characteristics of the data. Below
table is the example of simple table.
Class

No. of students

BBA (1)

200

B.A. (1)

100

B.A. (ii)

80

B.A. (iii)

60

Total

440

2. Complex Table : Complex or Multiple

table is one which shows more than one
characteristics of the data. This is further
classified as:
a) Two-way Table :- it shows
characteristics of the data. For example:

No. of Students

Class Boys
Girls
Total
BBA (I)
160
40
200
B.A. (I)
40
60
100
B.A.(II)
60
20
80
B.A. (III)
50
10
60
Total
310
130
440

two

b) Three-way Table: - This table which

shows three characteristic of the data. For
example :
Class

Boys
Rural

Urban

Girls
Total

Rural

Urban

Total
Total

Rural

Urban

Total

10

10

20

10

15

15

30

10

30

40

15

45

60

25

75

100

15

45

60

15

20

20

60

80

10

40

50

10

60

45

60

45

125

170

30

70

100

80

195

270

BBA (I)
B.A. (I)
B.A.(II)
B.A.
(III)
Total

THANK
YOU