Communicative

Language
Testing
Concerned with
the authenticity
of tasks and the
genuineness of
texts.

Now

Integrative test
- Communicative
theory
The introduction
of integrative
testing.
Two types: cloze
tests and
dictations.

Mid 1980s
(Bechman, Weir)

1970-1980

1940-1950

Behaviourism
Contrastive
analysis
- Focused on
specific linguistic
element
Eg: sentencelevel grammatical
paradigms,
definitions of
vocabulary items,
and translation.
Discrete-point
formats
Psychometricstructuralist
approach - issues
of validity,
reliability, and
objectivity

PerformanceBased
Assessment
-More studentcentred
-Involve oral
production,
written
production, openended responses,
integrated
performance
(across skill
areas), group
performance, and
other interactive
tasks.
Eg: KSSR