NUMBERING SYSTEM AND CONVERSION

NUMBERING SYSTEM
Consists of binary number, decimal, octal and

hexadecimal.
For binary number (base 2) it only consist of 1
and 0.
Decimal consist of (base 10) 0-9
Octal (0-7) base 8
Hexadecimal (base 16) consist of number 0-F

BINARY CONVERSION
BINARY-DECIMAL
Any binary number can be converted into its
equivalent decimal number using the weights
assigned to each bit position. Since only two digits are
used, the weights are powers of 2. these weights
are20 (Units), 21 (twos), 22 (fours)23 (eights) and 24
(sixteen).
If longer binary number involved, the
weights continue in ascending powers of 2.
The decimal equivalent of a binary number equals the
sum of all binary number equal the sum of all binary
digits multiplied by their weights.

Example 1
Find the decimal equivalent of binary number

111112
Solution:
The equivalent decimal number is,
= 1 x 2 4 + 1 x 23 + 1 x 2 2 + 1 x 21 + 1 x 20
= 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
= ( 31 )10

Example 2
Determine the decimal numbers represented

by the following binary numbers.

a) 101101. 10101

b) 1001 . 0101

DECIMAL-BINARY
Any decimal number can be converted into

its equivalent binary number. For integers, the

conversion is obtained by continuous division
by 2 and keeping track of the remainders,
while for fractional parts, the conversion is
effected by continuous multiplications by 2
and keeping track of the integers generated.

Example 1
How to convert decimal 13 to its binary equivalent.

Solution:

Example 2
Convert decimal 23 to binary.

Solution:

Example 3
Convert ( 0.65625)10 to an equivalent base 2 number.

Solution:

Exercise:
Express the following decimal numbers in the

binary form.
a)25.5 b) 10.625

BINARY TO OCTAL

Binary numbers can be converted into

equivalent octal numbers by making groups
of three bits starting from LSB and moving
towards MSB for integer part of the number
and then replacing each group of three bits
by its octal representation. For fractional
part the groupings of three bits are made
starting from the binary point.

Example 1
Convert 0011001102 to its octal equivalent.

Example 2

OCTAL TO BINARY

Octal numbers can be converted into

equivalent binary numbers by replacing each
octal digit by its 3 bit binary equivalent.

Example 1
Convert 7368 into an equivalent binary

number.
Solution:
7
1
1
1
Therefore 7368 =
1110111102

3
01
1

6
110

HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY

Hexadecimal numbers can be converted into

equivalent binary numbers by replacing each
hex digit by its equivalent 4 bit binary
numbers.

Example 1
Convert 2 F 9 A

16

to equivalent binary number.

BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL

Binary numbers can be converted into the

equivalent hexadecimal numbers by making
groups of four bits starting from LSB and
moving towards MSB for integers part and
then replacing each group of four bits by its
hexadecimal representation.
For the fractional part, the above procedure
is repeated starting from the bit next to the
binary point and moving towards the right.

Example 1
Convert the following binary numbers to their

equivalent hex numbers.

a)
10100110101111
b)
0.00011110101101

OCTAL CONVERSION
The number system with base ( or redixy) eight

is known as the octal number system. In this

system eight symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3,4,5,6, and 7 are
used to represent the number. Similar to decimal
and binary number systems, it is also a positional
system and has, in general, two parts :
Integer and fractional , set a part by a radix
point. For example ( 6327. 4051)8 is an octal
number

OCTAL TO DECIMAL

An octal number can be converted into an

equivalent decimal number. The conversion
from decimal to octal is similar to the
conversion procedure from decimal to binary.
The only difference is that number 8 is used in
place of 2 for division in the case of integers
and for multiplication in the case of fractional
numbers.

Example 1

Exercise

a)

HEXADECIMAL
CONVERSION

Hexadecimal number system is very popular

in computer uses. The base for hexadecimal

number system is 16 which requires 16
distinct symbols to represent the number.
These are numerals 0 through 9 and
alphabets A through F. this is an
alphanumeric number system because its
uses both alphabets and numericals to
represent a hexadecimal number.

HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL

Obtain decimal equivalent of hexadecimal

number 3A . 2F16 solution.

DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL

For conversion from decimal to hexadecimal the

procedure used in binary as well as octal system
is applicable, using 16 as the dividing (for integer
part) and multiplying (for fractional part) factor.

Example 1
Convert the following decimal number into

hexadecimal number.

Example 2