The Integumentary System

Chapter 4

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Introduction
Structure
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Functions of the skin

Human Anatomy, 3rd

The Birthday Suit

Combination of 4 main tissues
Epithelial outer layer
Connective underlies dermis
Smooth Muscle goose bumps
Nervous sensory receptors

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Functions of the Skin

Protection
Temperature regulation
Sensations
Storage of chemical compounds
Excretion of wastes
Synthesis of compounds
Determines characteristics

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Structure of the Skin

2 principal parts
Epidermis
Dermis
Beneath the dermis
Subcutaneous layer

Human Anatomy, 3rd

The Skin

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Epidermis
Stratified squamous epithelium
Over most of the body its thin
Approximately every month we shed entire skin surface

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Epidermis

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Epidermis

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Replacement of Epidermal Cells

Base of epidermis
Cuboidal cells divide by mitosis
New cells are pushed toward surface

New epidermal cells produce keratin

Cells are flattened as they are pushed upwards
Cells die
Outermost layer
Cells are dead, filled with keratin

Takes about two weeks for an epidermal cell to

move from the bottom layer to the top
Human Anatomy, 3rd

Pigments
Melanin
Produced by melanocytes
Skin color varies
Protect skin from UV rays

Carotene
Albino

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Melanocytes and Melanin

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Melanocytes and Melanin

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Epidermis and Dermis

Epidermis is avascular
Dermis is highly vascular
Epidermis receives nourishment from dermis
Cells far away from nourishment die

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Dermis
Largest part of the skin
Connective tissue
Contains
Blood vessels
Nerves
Glands
Hair follicles

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Papillary Layer of the Dermis

Most superficial layer
Surface area increased by papillae
Form fingerprints
Has lots of sensory receptors Papillary

Layer

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Papillary Layer

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Fingerprints

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Deeper Layer of the Dermis

Deeper layer
Dense connective tissue
Contains
Blood vessels
Glands
Deep pressure receptors
Attached to underlying organs by the
subcutaneous layer

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Subcutaneous Layer
Loose connective tissue
Packed with adipose cells

Stabilizes position of skin

Human Anatomy, 3rd

The Skin

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Epidermal Derivatives
Hair
Glands
Nails

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Functions of Hair

Protection
Thermoregulation
Sensory
Minor role in humans

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Hair Structure
Shaft
Superficial portion
Root
Below the surface

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Hair Structure
Medulla
Soft core of hair
Cortex
Hard core that gives hair its stiffness
Cuticle
Outermost layer of hair

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Hair Structure

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Hair Structure
Hair develops in follicles
Downward continuation of epidermis

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Growth of Hair
At the base of the follicle, hair papilla
Contains blood vessels and nerves
Nourishes hair

Bulb
Contains matrix epithelial cells responsible for
growth
Contains melanocytes

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Hair Follicle

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Arrector Pili

Smooth muscle attaches to follicle

Raises hairs
Response to fright or cold
Function?

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Glands
Sebaceous glands
Connected to hair follicles
Secrete a waxy, oily substance (sebum)
Blackheads

Secretion increases at puberty

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Sebaceous Glands

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Glands
Sweat glands
Found just about everywhere
Produce perspiration
Water, salt, met. Wastes
Function cooling of the body

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Glands
Scent Glands
Specific type of sweat gland
Found near hair follicles
Axillary & genital regions
Develop at puberty

Human Anatomy, 3rd

The Skin with Sweat Glands

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Nails
Dorsal surfaces of ends of fingers & toes
Primate feature
Grasping

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Nail Structure
Nail body
Free edge
Nail root
Matrix
Lunula (moon)

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Nail Structure

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Skin Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Human Anatomy, 3rd

Melanoma

Human Anatomy, 3rd