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Ebola Virus
Prototype Viral
Hemorrhagic Fever
Pathogen
Filovirus: enveloped,
non-segmented,
negative-stranded RNA
virus
Severe disease with high
case fatality
Absence of specific
treatment or vaccine
Ebola Virus
12000
10000
8000
Total Cases, Guinea
6000
4000
2000
This graph shows the total reported cases (suspected, probable, and confirmed) in Guinea, Liberia,
and Sierra Leone provided in WHO situation reports beginning on March 25, 2014 through the most
recent situation report on March 18, 2015.
5
Total Cases
(Suspected,
Probable, and
Confirmed)
Confirmed
Cases
Total Deaths
Guinea
17 Mar 15
3,409
2,979
2,231
Liberia
17 Mar 15
9,555
3,150
4,283
Sierra Leone
17 Mar 15
11,779
8,502
3,702
United
Kingdom**
29 Dec 14
Nigeria**
15 Oct 14
20
19
Spain**
27 Oct 14
Senegal**
15 Oct 14
United States**
24 Oct 14
Mali**
23 Nov 14
24,778
14,664
10,231
TOTAL
Information
U.S.
EVD cases available
at http:// Case 4 Worked with Ebola
on
NY
Medical
Aid Worker,
www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/united-states-imported-case.html.
patients in
Guinea, was self-monitoring and reported fever, diagnosed with EVD on
Skin
Acute phase
#
detected/teste
d (%)
After symptoms
Last day
resolved
detected after sx
#
onset (reported
detected/tested
in literature)
(%)
1/8
(13)
0/4
(0)
Saliva
8/12
(67)
0/4
(0)
Urine
0/7
(0)
0/4
(0)
23
Feces/sto
ol
2/4
(50)
n/d
Breast
milk
1/1
(100)
1/1
(100)
15
Semen1
n/d
1/2
(50)
101
Vaginal
fluid
n/d
n/d
29
33
Sexual transmission of Marburg virus (but not Ebola virus) has been reported
10
Human-to-Human Transmission
11
Immune dysregulation
Clinical Features
Clinical Manifestation
General
Neurological
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
17
Bleeding at IV Site
18
Laboratory Findings
19
IgM
IgG
viremia
10
Fever
RTPCR
ELISA IgM
ELISA IgG
IgM: up to 3 6 months
IgG: 3 5 years or more (life-long persistance?
20
21
Virus isolation
Requires Biosafety Level 4 laboratory;
Can take several days
22
Laboratories
23
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/packaging-diagram.html
24
25
27
Patient Recovery
Prolonged convalescence
Includes arthralgia, myalgia, abdominal pain, extreme fatigue,
and anorexia; many symptoms resolve by 21 months
Significant arthralgia and myalgia may persist for >21 months
Skin sloughing and hair loss has also been reported
References: 1WHO Ebola Response Team. NEJM 2014; 2Feldman H & Geisbert TW. Lancet 2011; 3Ksiazek TG
et al. JID 1999; 4Sanchez A et al. J Virol 2004; 5Sobarzo A et al. NEJM 2013; and 6Rowe AK et al. JID 1999.
28
29
LEVEL
Monitoring
Restricted
Public
Activities
Restricted
Travel
HIGH risk
Direct Active
Monitoring
Yes
Yes
SOME risk
Direct Active
Monitoring
Case-by-case
assessment
Case-by-case
assessment
Active Monitoring
for some;
LOW risk
Direct Active
No
No
Monitoring
www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/monitoring-and-movement-of-persons-with-exposure.html
for others
NO risk
No
No
No
EVD Summary
For more information, please contact Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333
Telephone: 1-800-CDC-INFO (232-4636)/TTY: 1-888-232-6348
Visit: www.atsdr.cdc.gov | Contact CDC at: 1-800-CDC-INFO or
www.cdc.gov/info
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do
not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Office of the Director
CS252465
33