USE OF SODIUM

BUTYRATE IN BROILER
NUTRITION
ETLK PLLERN BESLENMESNDE
SODYUM BTRAT KULLANIMI
HAZIRLAYAN:
DANIMAN:
CENGZ

Umair AHSAN
Do. Dr. zcan

WHY SODIUM
BUTYRATE???

Antibiotics
Therapeutic

levels

Sub-therapeutic

Essential

levels

For treatment of diseases

In feed growth promoters (AGPs)

feed supplement for more than fifty years

EU banned the use of AGPs in 2006 WHY?

Antibiotic Resistance

CONT

As a consequence, the development of alternatives

to AGPs receives considerable attention

Many substances have been studied in search of

such an alternate:
Isolated

nutrients (amino acids, fatty acids (FAs),

minerals, vitamins)

Dietary

supplements (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics,

organic acids, antioxidants, and enzymes)

Herbal

products (polyphenols, herbs, and spices)

Genetically

modified foods

CONT

Among these alternatives, organic acids are

considered to be the popular one

Most commonly known are: acetic acid, propionic

acid, and butyric acid; also known as volatile FAs

Butyric acid possesses interesting characteristic

features
Mol.

Weight 88.12 g/mol

Density
pKa

0.958 g/ml, and

4.82

CONT

Butyric acid is:

Corrosive
Volatile
Strong

smell

Thats

why, sodium salt of butyric acid is used; called

Sodium Butyrate (SB)
Easy

to handle

Stable
Less

odorous

STRUCTURE OF BUTYRIC
ACID AND SODIUM
BUTYRATE

Butyric
Acid

Sodium
Butyrate

SB IS A SOURCE OF BUTYRIC
ACID

SB is converted into butyric acid as it enters the

digestive system
Upper Digestive Tract

CH3-[CH2]2-COONa
sodium
butyrate

INTESTINE

Na+
H+

CH3-[CH2]2-COOn-butyrate

pKa /pH

CH3-[CH2]2-COOH
pKa /pH

n-butyric acid

H+

CH3-[CH2]2-COO-

n-butyrate

EFFECT OF pH OF THE
MEDIUM

The efficacy of sodium butyrate depends upon:

pKa

value of butyric acid, and

pH

of the corresponding part of the digestive system viz.

crop, proventriculus, gizzard and small intestine

pKa is the pH value of an acid at which half the

molecules of that acid are dissociated
CH3CH2CH2COOH CH3CH2CH2COO- + H+
pH<4.82 pH=4.82

pH>4.82

CONT

ABSORPTION OF BUTYRIC
ACID

Butyric acid is produced as a product of cecal

fermentation:
Where does it go??

It is absorbed by the enterocytes

Butyric

acid is a preferred source of energy

Absorbed by different mechanisms:

Diffusion
Bicarbonate
Active

ion (HCO3-) exchange method

transport by different transporters

CONT

TYPES OF SODIUM
BUTYRATE

Sodium Butyrate

Microencapsulated SB (Palm stearin coating)

Fat Coated SB (Vegetable fat coating)

Fatty Acid Coated SB (Fatty acid salt coating)

Why enteric coating is required??

ROLE OF SB IN BROILER
NUTRITION
Productive Performance:
Weight gain, Feed Intake, and FCR

Gut Morphology:
Villi length, Crypt depth, Villus:crypt

Gut Microflora:
Enhances beneficial microflora
Kills harmful microbes

PRODUCTIVE
PERFORMANCE

SB increases the weight gain, feed intake, and

improves FCR:

Increased pancreatic secretions Increased nutrient

digestibility

Increased villi length Increased surface area

nutrient absorption
Increased feed intake
weight gain
Improved FCR

Increased
Higher

CONT

Varying results have been reported:

Some

researchers reported a significant increase in

weight gain, feed intake, and FCR

Others

have reported no effect on performance

Uncoated SB

Dissociation in the intestine

Day old chick Digestive enzymes not enough to

digest fat coating
SB not released
Low
feed intake and weight gain
Carry-over effect
which lowers the performance

GUT MORPHOLOGY

Continuous desquamation of intestinal epithelium

Gut

tissues require 23-36% energy and 35%

protein of the total intake.
Major

part is used for cell turn-over

Butyric acid main nutrient for the enterocytes

Faster

development of newborn cells

Longer

villi and shallow crypts

CONT

Different results were reported

May
Fat

be due to dissociation of uncoated SB

coated SB needs the degradation of fat coating

Lipase

secretion is less at early age of broilers

Intestinal

morphology may be affected

CONT

Villi at 42 days of age

Control

Villi at 42 days of age

Sodium Butyrate

GUT MICROFLORA

It can be regarded as a double edged sword

SB is a selective bactericidal agent

Kills

the harmful bacteria only such as Salmonella,

E.coli

Helps

the beneficial bacteria to grow

Direct Bactericidal Action

INDIRECT BACTERICIDAL ACTION

Lowers the pH of intestine (acidic medium)

Favorable

for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) e.g. Lactobacilli

& Bifidobacteria

LAB compete for space and nutrients competitive

exclusion

LAB produce bacteriocins and lactic acid antibiotic

action that kills harmful bacteria

Thus, sodium butyrate can be speculated as an

alternative to antibiotics

THANK YOU EVERYONE

FOR LISTENING