04 WCDMA Radio Network Capacity Planning

Security Level:
10/04/16
WCDMA Radio Network

Capacity Planning
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Foreword
WCDMA is a self-interference system
WCDMA system capacity is closely related to

coverage
WCDMA network capacity has the soft capacity

feature
The capacity planning of the WCDMA network is

performed under certain traffic models
Huawei Confidential
Page 2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Grasp the parameters of 3G traffic model
Understand the factors that restrict the WCDMA network

capacity
Understand the methods and procedures of estimating multiservice capacity
Understand the key technologies for enhancing network capacity
Huawei Confidential
Page 3
Contents
1.
Traffic Model
2.
Uplink capacity analysis
3.
Downlink capacity analysis
4.
Multi-service capacity estimation
5.
Network estimation procedure
6.
Capacity enhancement technologies
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Contents
1.
Traffic Model
1.1 Overview of traffic model
1.2 CS traffic model
1.3 PS traffic model
Huawei Confidential
Page 5
Service Overview
The WCDMA system supports multiple services
Variable-rate services (e.g. AMR voice)
Combined services (e.g. CS & PS)
High-speed data packet services (384k service)
Asymmetrical services (e.g. stream service )
Large-capacity and flexible service bearing
Huawei Confidential
Page 6
QoS Type
Real-time category
It is necessary to maintain the time relationship
Voice service,
Conversatio
between the information entities in the stream.
videophone
nal
Small time delay tolerance, requiring data rate

symmetry
Typically unidirectional services, high
Streaming
requirements on error tolerance, high
multimedia
requirements on data rate

Streaming
Non real-time categor
Interactive
Background
Request-response mode, data integrity must be
Web page
maintained. High requirements on error
browse,
tolerance, low requirements on time delay
network
tolerance
game
Data integrity should be maintained. Small
Background
delay restriction, requiring correct transmission
download of
Huawei Confidential
Email
Page 7
Objectives of Setting Up Traffic

Model
In order to determine the system configuration, we
need to determine the capacity of the air interface first
In the data service, different transmission model will

generate different system capacities
We need to set up an expected data transmission

model of the customer so that we can plan the network
properly
In order to set up a right model, the operator should

provide some statistic data as reference
Huawei Confidential
Page 8
Traffic Model
Traffic model is a means of researching the capacity

features of each service type and the QoS expected
by the users who are using the service from
perspective of data transmission
In the data application, the user behaviour research

mainly forecasts the service types available from the
3G, the number of users of each service type,
frequency of using the service, and the distribution
of users in different regions
Huawei Confidential
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The Contents of Traffic Model

Service Pattern
Traffic Model
Results
User behaviour
System Configuration
Huawei Confidential
Page 10
Typical Service Features

Typical service features include the following feature
Description
parameters:
User type (indoor ,outdoor, vehicle)
Users average moving speed
Service Type
Uplink and downlink service rates
Spreading factor
Time delay requirements of the service
QoS requirements of the service
Huawei Confidential
Page 11
Contents
1.
Traffic Model
Huawei Confidential
Page 12
CS Traffic Model
Voice service is a typical CS services.
Key parameters of the model
Penetration rate
BHCA Mean busy-hour call attempts
Mean call duration (s)
Activation factor
Mean rate of service (kbps)
Huawei Confidential
Page 13
CS Traffic Model Parameters
Mean busy-hour traffic (Erlang) per user = BHCA * mean

call duration /3600
Mean busy hour throughput per user (kbit) (G) = BHCA *

mean call duration * activation factor * mean rate
Mean busy hour throughput per user (bps) (H) = mean

busy hour throughput per user * 1000/3600
Huawei Confidential
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Contents
1.
Traffic Model
Huawei Confidential
Page 15
PS Traffic Model
The most frequently used model is the packet service

session process model described in ETSI UMTS30.03
Huawei Confidential
Page 16
PS Traffic Model
Session
Packet Call
Downloading
Active
Packet Call
Downloading
Dormant
Dormant
Active
Packet Call
Data Burst
Data Burst
Data Burst
Active
Huawei Confidential
Dormant
Page 17
PS Traffic Model
Parameters
Packet Call Num/Session
Packet Num/Packet Call
Packet Size (bytes)
Traffic model
Reading Time (sec)

Typical Bear Rate (kbps)
BLER
Huawei Confidential
Page 18
Parameter Determining
The basic parameters in the traffic model are

determined in the following ways:
Obtain numerous basic parameter sample data from

the existing network
Obtain the probability distribution of the parameters

through processing of the sample data
Take the distribution most proximate to the standard

probability as the corresponding parameter distribution
through comparison with the standard distribution
function
Huawei Confidential
Page 19
PS Traffic Model Parameters
Typical Bearer Rate (kbps)
Bearer rate is variable in the actual transmission process
BLER
In the PS service, when calculating the data transmission time, the

retransmission caused by erroneous blocks should be considered.
Suppose the data volume of service source is N, the air interface
block error rate is BLER, the total required data volume to be
transmitted via the air interface is:
N N * BLER N * BLER 2 N * BLER 3 N * BLER n
Huawei Confidential
1
*N
1 BLER
Page 20
PS User Behaviour Parameters

Penetration Rate
User behaviour
BHSA
User Distribution
(High, Medium, Low end)
Huawei Confidential
Page 21
PS User Behaviour Parameters
Penetration Rate
The percentage of the users that activates this service to

all the users registered in the network.
BHSA
The times of single-user busy hour sessions of this service
User Distribution (High, Medium, Low end)
The users are divided into high-end, mid-end and low-end

users. Different operators and different application
situations will have different user distributions
Huawei Confidential
Page 22
PS Traffic Model Parameters
Session traffic volume Byte Average traffic of single

session of the service
SessionTra fficVolume ( PacketSize) * ( PacketNum / PacketCall ) * ( PacketCallNum / Session)

Data transmission time (s) The time in a single session of
service for purpose of transmitting data.
DataTransm issionTime ( s )
1
SessionTra fficVolume * 8 / 1000
*
1 BLER
TypicalRat e
Holding Time s Average duration of a single session of

service
HoldingTim e ( PackketCallNum / Session 1) * Re adingTime

DataTransm issionTime ( s )
Huawei Confidential
Page 23
PS Active
Traffic
Model
Parameters
factor:
The weight of the time of service full-rate transmission among

the duration of a single session.
ActiveFactor
DataTransm issionTime
HoldingTim e
Busy hour throughput per user (Kb):
BusyHourThroughput / user BHSA * SessionTra fficVolume * 8 / 1000
PS throughput equivalent Erlang formula (Erlang)
Data _ Erlang ( PercentageOfDiffrent User PenetratingRate
BusyHourThroughputUn derTypical ApplicationEviroment

)
TypicalBea redRate 3600 ActiveFactor
Huawei Confidential
Page 24
Contents
1.
Traffic Model
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Huawei Confidential
Page 25
Basic Principles
In the WCDMA system, all the cells share the same frequency,
which is beneficial to improve the system capacity. However,
co-frequency multiplexing causes interference between users.
This multi-access interference restricts the capacity
The radio system capacity is decided by uplink and downlink.

When planning the capacity, we must analyze from both
uplink and downlink perspectives
Huawei Confidential
Page 26
Uplink Interference Analysis

Uplink Interference Composition
I TOT I own I other PN
I own
I other
PN
Interference from the users of this cell

Interference from users of adjacent cell
Noise floor of the receiver
Huawei Confidential
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Uplink Interference AnalysisUplink

Interference Composition
Receiver noise floor PN
PN 10 log( K * T * W ) NF
K Boltzmann constant, 1.38

10 23 J / K
T Kelvin temperature, normal temperature:

290 K
W Signal bandwidth, WCDMA signal

bandwidth 3.84MHz
10lg(KTW) = -108dBm/3.84MHz
NF
PN =
10 3dB
log( K *(typical
T * W ) NF
value
105of
dBm
macro
/ 3.84MHz
cell BTS)
Huawei Confidential
Page 28
Uplink Interference AnalysisUplink

Interference from
users of this cell
I
Interference
Composition
own
Interference that every user must overcome:

I total Pj
Vj j ,
Pj is the receiving power of the user
is active factor
Under the ideal power control :
Eb / No j
Pj
I TOT Pj
W 1
Rj vj
I TOT
1
W 1
1
Eb / No j R j v j
Hence,
The interference from users of this cell is the sum of power
Pj
:
P
j
of all the users arriving at the receiver

N
I own Pj
1
Huawei Confidential
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I
:Interference
from users ofComposition
adjacent cell
Uplink
Interference
other
The interference from users of adjacent cell is difficult to

analyze theoretically, because it is related to user
distribution, cell layout, and antenna direction diagram.
I other
I own
Adjacent cell interference factor i
When the users are distributed evenly
For omni cell, the typical value of adjacent cell interference

factor is 0.55
For the 3-sector directional cell, the typical value of adjacent cell
interference factor is 0.65
Huawei Confidential
Page 30

N
I TOT
1 i
PN
1
W 1
1
1
Eb / No j R j v j
Define
Lj
1
1
W 1
1

Eb / No j R j v j
N
Then
I TOT I TOT 1 i L j PN
1
Huawei Confidential
Page 31

Obtain I TOT PN
Suppose that:
1
N
1 1 i L j
1
All the users are 12.2 kbps

voice users, the demodulation
threshold Eb/No = 5dB
Voice activation factor vj =
0.67
Adjacent cell
interference factor
i = 0.55
Huawei Confidential
Page 32

Uplink Load Factor
Define the uplink load factor

N
UL 1 i L j 1 i
When the load factor is 1,
1
1
W 1
1

EbvsNo j R j v j
is infinite, and the
corresponding capacity isTOT

called threshold capacity.
Under the above assumption, the threshold capacity is approx 96

users.
Huawei Confidential
Page 33
Uplink Interference AnalysisLoad

Factor and Interference
According to the above mentioned relationship, the noise will rise:
ITOT
NoiseRise
PN
1
N
1 1 i Lj
1
50% Load 3dB

60% Load 4dB
75% Load 6dB
Huawei Confidential
Page 34
1 UL

Limitation of the Current Method
The above mentioned theoretic analysis uses the following

simplifying explicitly or implicitly:
No consideration of the influence of soft handover
The users in the soft handover state generates the interference

which is slightly less than that generated by ordinary users.
No consideration of the influence of AMRC and hybrid service
AMRC reduces the voice service rate of some users, and makes
them generate less interference, and make the system support
more users. (But call quality of such users will be deteriorated)
Different services have different data rates and demodulation
thresholds. So, we should use the previous methods for analysis,
but it will complicate the calculation process.
Since the time-variable feature of the mobile transmission
environment, the demodulation threshold even for the same
service is time-variable.
Huawei Confidential
Page 35

Limitation of the Current Method
Ideal power control assumption
The power control commands of the actual system

have certain error codes so that the power control
process is not ideal, and reduces the system capacity
Assume that the users are distributed evenly, and

the adjacent cell interference is constant
Considering the above factors, the system
simulation is a more accurate method:
Static simulation: Monte_Carlo method

Dynamic simulation
Huawei Confidential
Page 36
Contents
1.
Traffic Model
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Huawei Confidential
Page 37
Downlink Interference Analysis

Downlink Interference
Composition
I own
: Interference from the users of this cell
I other : Interference from the users of adjacent cell

PN : Noise floor of the receiver
Huawei Confidential
Page 38

Receiver noise floor PN
Composition
PN 10 log( K * T *W ) NF
23
K Boltzmann constant, = 1.38*
T Kelvin temperature, normal temperature 290 K
W Signal bandwidth, WCDMA signal bandwidth 3.84MHz
NF: Receiver noise figure
10
J /K
10lg(KTW) = -108dBm/3.84MHz
NF = 7dB UE typical value
PN 10 log( K * T * W ) NF 101dBm / 3.84MHz
Huawei Confidential
Page 39

I :Interference from downlink DCH of this cell
Composition
The downlink users are identified with the mutually orthogonal OVSF
own
codes. In the static propagation conditions without multi-path, no

mutual interference exists.
In case of multi-path propagation, certain energy will be detected by

the RAKE receiver, and become interference signals. We define the
orthogonal factor to describe this phenomenon.
PT
I
own j power
j
In the formula, PT is a total transmitting
of BTS, which includes the
PL
j
dedicated channel transmitting power and the common channel
transmitting power
N
PT PCCH Pj
1
Huawei Confidential
Page 40

: Interference from the downlink DCH of adjacent
I
Composition
other
cell
The transmitting signal of the adjacent cell BTS will cause

interference to the users in the current cell. Since the
scrambling codes of users are different, such interference
is non-orthogonal
Assume the service is distributed evenly, the transmitting

power of all BTSs will be equal. k,j In the system, there are
K adjacent cell BTSs, where path loss from the number k
K
BTS to the user j is PLk,j. Hence
1we obtain:
I other j PT
1
PLk , j
Huawei Confidential
Page 41

I
I I
P
Composition P
1
1
P
P
PL
PL
TOT
own
other
k, j
Suppose the power control is desired, we obtain
Pj
PL j W 1
EbvsNo j

ITOT j R j v j
Then
Pj EbvsNo j
Rj
W
v j I TOT j PL j
Huawei Confidential
Page 42

N
Composition
Because PT PCCH Pj
1
Then
Rj
PT PCCH EbvsNo j v j I TOT j PL j

W
1
PCCH

PT
1
EbvsNo j v j PL j 1 j
PT
PN
W
PL
PL
1
1

j
k, j
PCCH
K PL

j
EbvsNo j v j 1 j PT PT
PN PL j
W
1
1 PLk , j

Rj
Rj
Huawei Confidential
Page 43

Composition
Resolve PT to obtain
R
P P EbvsNo v PL
W
N
CCH
PT
Rj
1 1 j i j EbvsNo j v j
W
1
where ij is the adjacent cell interference factor of the user,

defined as:
K
PL j
PLk , j
ij
Huawei Confidential
Page 44
According to the above analysis, we can define the downlink load factor:
Rj
DL 1 j i j EbvsNo j v j
W
1
When the downlink load factor is 100%, the transmitting power of the BTS
is infinite, and the corresponding capacity is called threshold capacity.
As different from the theoretic calculation of uplink capacity,

and
ij
a j position.
in the downlink capacity formula are variable related to user
Namely, the downlink capacity is related to the spatial distribution of the
users, and can only be determined through system simulation.
Huawei Confidential
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Simulation Result
Huawei Confidential
Page 46

Simulation Result Analysis
When the transmitting power of the BTS is 43dBm (20W),

the supported maximum number of users is approx 114.
In order to ensure system stability, we do not allow the

mean transmitting power of the BTS to be more than 80%
of the maximum transmitting power, namely, 42dBm. This
way, the supported number of users is 111.
Huawei Confidential
Page 47
Contents
1.
Traffic Model
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Huawei Confidential
Page 48
Contents
4.

4.1 Network capacity restriction factors
4.2 Typical capacity design methods
Huawei Confidential
Page 49
Capacity Restriction Factors
The WCDMA network capacity restriction factors in

the radio network part include the following:
Uplink interference
Downlink power
Downlink channel code resources (OVSF)
Channel element (CE)
Iub interface transmission resources
Huawei Confidential
Page 50
Downlink Transmit Power
The downlink transmit power has two parts:

one part is used for common channel, and
the other part for dedicated (traffic) channel.
PT PCCH Pj
1
The transmit power is allocated
by the cell
to each user varies with service
demodulation threshold, propagation path
loss and the interference received by the
user
The downlink transmit power of the cell is

shared by all the users in the cell
We generally use the simulation method to

analyze the downlink interference.
Huawei Confidential
Page 51
Downlink Channel Code

Resources
The
WCDMA network use the
codes whose SF is 4~512. The
smaller the SF is, the higher the
supported data rate will be.
In the code tree, the allocable

codes should meet the following
conditions:
No codes on the path from this

code to the root node of code
tree are allocated
C4,0
C2,0
1 1
C1,0
1 1 1 1
C4,1
1 1 -1 -1
C4,2
C2,1
1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
C4,3
1 -1 -1 1
SF = 1
SF = 2
SF = 4
No codes in the sub-tree whose

root node is this code are
allocated
Try to reserve the code words
whose SF is small, so as to
improve the utilization efficiency
Huawei Confidential
Page 52
Downlink Channel Code

Resources
Following is an example of code resources
allocation
SF
4
8
16
32
64
128
256
512
C(256,0):PCPICH 2
0
C(256,1):PCCPCH 3
0
C(256,2): AICH 6
1
C(256,3): PICH 10
0
C(64,1):SCCPCH 8
0
C(64,2):SCCPCH 9
1
3
0
1
0
1
2
Huawei Confidential
Page 53
Channel Element (CE)
The Channel element the quantitative data that measures the

resources logically occupied for service processing
The resource occupied by the service processing is mainly

related to the spreading factor of this service. The smaller the
SF is, the greater the data traffic will be, and more resources
will be occupied
The SF of typical services are:
AMR12.2kbps SF=128
CS64kbps
SF=32
PS64kbps
SF=32
PS144kbps
SF=16
PS384kbps
SF=8
Huawei Confidential
Page 54
Channel element (CE)
If we define the resources required for processing AMR

12.2kbps services as a channel processing unit, the number
of channel processing units occupied by other services is:
AMR12.2kbps 1
CS64kbps
CS144kbps
CS384kbps
16
PS64kbps
PS144kbps
PS384kbps
16
Huawei Confidential
Page 55
Iub Interface Capacity
The contents transmitted on

the Iub interface include:
The user data encapsulated

in the AAL2 format (common
channel and dedicated
channel)
Signaling data encapsulated

in the AAL5 format
BTS operation &

maintenance data
Huawei Confidential
Page 56
Iub Interface Capacity
Factors to be considered when estimating the interface

capacity:
Frame coding efficiency. Through segmentation and

encapsulation of the application data at each layer, the
data quantity at the bottom layer will be increased to
different extents compared with the application data at
the upper layers
Traffic. More users will generate more data traffic
Maintenance efficiency. Certain bandwidth is required in

the background maintenance for BTS data transmission
Huawei Confidential
Page 57
Contents
4.

4.1 Network capacity restriction factors
4.2 Typical capacity design methods
Huawei Confidential
Page 58
Erlang-B Formula (I)
Erlang-B formula is used for

estimating the peak traffic that
meets certain call loss rate when
the average traffic (Erlang) is
given
Erlang-B formula is only used for
Circuit switched services
Single service
The WCDMA system provides CS

and PS domain multi-services
Huawei Confidential
Page 59
Erlang-B Formula (II)
The prerequisite of the Erlang-B is the requests of

resources take on a Poisson distribution, namely, its
variance is equal to its mean value
If, when a service establishes a link, the service requires

the resources which are more than the unit resources, the
resource request is no longer equal to its mean value, and
the Erlang-B formula is not applicable in this case
Comparison of multi-service capacity estimation methods

:
Post Erlang-B
Equivalent Erlangs
Campbells Theorem
Huawei Confidential
Page 60
Post Erlang-B
By summing up the
capacities required for
different services, we
obtain the capacities
required for the combined
services
No consideration of the
resource efficiency of
different services
Huawei Confidential
Page 61
Post Erlang-B (II)
Consider that two services share resources
Service 1: 1 unit resource/connection.12 Erlang
Service 2: 3 unit resources/connection.6 Erlang
Calculate capacity required for each service
Service 1: 12 Erlangs require 19 connections (19 unit

resources), meeting the 2% blocking rate
Service 2: 6 Erlangs require 12 connections (equivalent to

the 36 unit resources of service 1), meeting the 2%
blocking rate
Total 55 unit resources
Huawei Confidential
Page 62
Post Erlang-B (III)
Consider that two services use the same resources
Calculate capacity required for each service

Service 1: 12 Erlangs require 19 connections, meeting the 2%
blocking rate
Service 2: 6 Erlangs require 12 connections, meeting the 2%
blocking rate
Total 31 unit resources
However, the reasonable results should be: 18 Erlangs

require 26 connections for meeting the 2% blocking rate 2
Post Erlang-B overestimates

the capacity requirements!
Huawei Confidential
Page 63
Equivalent Erlangs (I)
By converting the bandwidth

from one service to another
service, combine different
services and then calculate
the required capacity
Selecting different services

as the measurement
benchmark will lead to
different capacity
requirements
Huawei Confidential
Page 64
Equivalent Erlangs (II)
If using service 1 as measurement benchmark, the two

services are equivalent to 30 Erlangs in total
30 Erlangs require 39 connections (39 unit resources), meeting the

2% blocking rate
If using service 2 as measurement benchmark, the two

services are equivalent to 10 Erlangs in total
10 Erlangs require 17 connections (equivalent to 51 unit resources of

service 1), meeting the 2% blocking rate
The predication results
The predication results
are not unique!
are not unique!
Huawei Confidential
Page 65
Campbells Theorem (I)
The Campbell theorem sets up a combined

distribution
(Ci ai )
OfferedTra
ffic
Capacity
c
c
2
Erlangs ai
v
c i
Erlangs ai
i
Here:
i is service amplitude, namely, the channel resources
required for a single link of the service.
is the mean value, v is the variance .
Huawei Confidential
Page 66
Campbells Theorem (II)
The system mean value is
v Erlangs ai 12 12 6 32 66
2
The system variance is
The capacity factor c is 1
Erlangs ai 112 3 6 30
c v
66
30
2.2
Huawei Confidential
Page 67
Campbells Theorem (III)
Combined traffic is:
30
OfferedTra ffic
13.63
c 2.2
The number of connections for meeting the blocking rate of 2% is 21
For the target services that meet the same GoS, the capacity
required is (calculated on the basis of the unit resource of service 1)
Goal is service 1: C1 = (2.221) +1 =47
Goal is service 2: C2 = (2.221) +3 =49
For different services, the same GoS requires different capacities.

For different services, the same GoS requires different capacities.
For the given capacity, the GoS of different services will differ slightly.
For the given capacity, the GoS of different services will differ slightly.
Huawei Confidential
Page 68
The comparison of the

different capacity method
Post Erlang-B
Service 1 (1 unit resource/connection, 12Erl) and service 2 (3 unit

resources / connection, 6Erl), requiring 55 unit resources in total
Equivalent Erlangs
Calculated according to benchmark of service 1 (1 unit

resource/connection, 12Erl), a total of 39 unit resources are
required
Calculated according to benchmark of service 2 (3 unit

resources/connection, 6Erl), a total of 51 unit resources are required
Campbells Theorem
In the same conditions, 47~49 unit resources are required in total.
Huawei Confidential
Page 69
Summary of This Chapter
This chapter deals with the three methods of

estimating the multi-service capacity
The detailed process of using the Campbell theorem

to calculate the capacity is described
Huawei Confidential
Page 70
Contents
1.
Traffic Model
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Huawei Confidential
Page 71

User density
Assumption of cell
load and carrier
number
Cell
radiu
s
Cell
area
Number of
user per cell
Compare
Uplink capacity
dimension , downlink
capacity dimension
Balance between Yes

capacity and
coverage
dimension?
No
Service message
Adjustment of cell
load and carrier
number
Huawei Confidential
Page 72
over
Contents
1.
Traffic Model
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Huawei Confidential
Page 73
Transmission Diversity
TxDiv
Transmission diversity can enhance the downlink

capacity and coverage
Conclusion of capacity enhancement of transmission

diversity
STTD mode: Capacity increase of 17 ~ 24%
TxAA(1) mode: Capacity increase of 16 ~ 23%
TxAA(2) mode: Capacity increase of 31 ~ 37%
Huawei Confidential
Page 74
Sectorization
In the dense urban areas and the normal urban areas with
high traffic, increasing sectors of the BTS is a method of
improving the capacity
6-sectors BTS generally use the antenna whose horizontal

lobe is 33
The capacity of a 6-sector BTS is 1.67 times that of a 3sector BTS
The capacity of a 3-sector BTS is 2.77 times that of a

omni- BTS
Huawei Confidential
Page 75
Thank you
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WCDMA Radio Network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

WCDMA is a self-interference system

WCDMA system capacity is closely related to

WCDMA network capacity has the soft capacity

The capacity planning of the WCDMA network is

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Grasp the parameters of 3G traffic model

Understand the factors that restrict the WCDMA network

Understand the methods and procedures of estimating multiservice capacity

Understand the key technologies for enhancing network capacity

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Uplink capacity analysis

Downlink capacity analysis

Multi-service capacity estimation

Network estimation procedure

Capacity enhancement technologies

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The WCDMA system supports multiple services

Variable-rate services (e.g. AMR voice)

Combined services (e.g. CS & PS)

High-speed data packet services (384k service)

Asymmetrical services (e.g. stream service )

Large-capacity and flexible service bearing

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It is necessary to maintain the time relationship

between the information entities in the stream.

Small time delay tolerance, requiring data rate

requirements on error tolerance, high

requirements on data rate

Non real-time categor

Request-response mode, data integrity must be

maintained. High requirements on error

tolerance, low requirements on time delay

Data integrity should be maintained. Small

delay restriction, requiring correct transmission

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Objectives of Setting Up Traffic

need to determine the capacity of the air interface first

In the data service, different transmission model will

We need to set up an expected data transmission

In order to set up a right model, the operator should

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Traffic model is a means of researching the capacity

In the data application, the user behaviour research

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The Contents of Traffic Model

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Typical Service Features

User type (indoor ,outdoor, vehicle)

Users average moving speed

Uplink and downlink service rates

Time delay requirements of the service

QoS requirements of the service

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Voice service is a typical CS services.

Key parameters of the model

BHCA Mean busy-hour call attempts

Mean call duration (s)

Mean rate of service (kbps)