GOVERNING SYSTEM

OF I.C ENGINE
Prepared by:Jethwa Rajdeepsinh
Nonghanvadra Harpal
Chudasama Vijaysinh
Badi Ausaf

GOVERNOR
It

is used to control the fluctuation of speed

of the engine within prescribed limits with
variations of load from no load to maximum
load on the engine over a period of time.

The

process of keeping speed constant is

known as governing.

NEED OF GOVERNING :

When an engine is running at idle without

governing it would increase speed
continuously until it broke something such as
its fly-wheels flying apart.
If load on an I.C. engine is decreased without
changing the quantity of fuel, the engine will
run at a higher speed.
Similarly, ifload on the engine is increased
without changing the quantity of fuel the
engine will run at a lower speed.

METHODS OF GOVERNING :
1.

Hit and miss governing

2.

Qualitative governing

3.

Quantitative governing

HIT AND MISS GOVERNING :

The older of the two types is the Hit and Miss gas
engine. It is also less regulated than the throttle
type. There are two different states the engine
can be in, "Hit" or "Miss".
First we will look at the "Hit" state. This is really
the same as the throttled engine except each
time the engine intakes the gas it takes a full
charge. There is no butterfly in a hit and miss
mixer. So the engine wants to go faster and
faster.
We will discuss how to "slow" the engine down or
regulate it in the "Miss" section coming up.
Here are the Four cycles (4 strokes) of the "Hit"

As

the governor runs too fast it pushes the governor

rod into the exhaust push rod and traps it (see Fig. 9
below).
This allows the exhaust valve to stay open all the
time.
No vacuum is made by the piston so no fuel can enter
into the cylinder. Also the contact going to the "buzz"
coil will not close, so the spark plug never fires.
The engine just "free wheels" or coasts.
Finally is slows too much and the governor removes
it's rod and the entire engine returns to the "Hit"
state.

2. Qualitative governing:

In this system of governing, a control

valve is fitted in the fuel
deliverypipe,whichcontrolsthequantit
yoffueltobemixedinthecharge.The
movement of control valve is regulated
by the centrifugal governor through rack
andpinion arrangement. It may be noted
that in this system, the amount of air
used in each cycle remains the same. But
with the change in the quantity of fuel
(with quantity of
airremainingconstant),thequalityofch
arge
(i.e.
air-fuelratioofmixture)changes.

Whenever the engine starts running at higher

speed (due to decreased load), the quantity of
fuel is reduced till the enginespeed reaches
its normal value. Similarly, whenever the
engine starts running at lower speed (due to
increased load), the quantity of fuel is
increased. In automobile engines, the rack and
pinion arrangement is connected with the
accelerator

3. Quantitative governing:

In this system of governing, the quality of charge

(i.e.
air-fuel ratio of the mixture) is kept constant. But
quantity of mixture supplied to the engine cylinder is
varied by means of a throttle valve which is regulated
by the centrifugal governor through rack and pinion
arrangement. Whenever the engine starts running a
thigher speed (cue to decreased load), the quantity of
charge is reduced till the engines peed reaches its
normal value. Similarly, whenever the engine starts
running at lowerspeed (due to increased load), the
quantity of charge is increased. This method is used
forgoverning large engines.

REFERENCE

Thermal engineering (P.S.Desai)

Thermal engineering reference (R.K.Rajput)

THANK YOU