GOOD

AFTERNOON

Tooth land marks

Types of dentition
Primary/deciduous [milk
tooth]
Secondary/permanent

Dental arch
Maxilla/ upper arch
Mandibular/lower arch

No of primary teeth 20
Incisors - 8
Canines - 4
Molars 8

No of permanent teeth
32
Incisors - 8
Canines 4
Premolars - 8
Molars 12

Surfaces of tooth

Other landmarks
Cusp
Cingulum
Ridge

Fossa

Lingual fossa
Central fossa
Triangular fossa

Sulcus
Groove

Marginal ridge
Triangular ridge
Transverse ridge
Oblique ridge

Developmental
Supplemental

Pit
Lobe
Tubercle

Cusp is a elevation or mound on the

crown portion of a tooth making up a
divisional part of the occlusal surface

Cingulum(girdle) - It is a convex mount

of enamel localized to the cervical onethird of the crown. Found on the lingual
aspect of an anterior tooth.

RidgeAny linear elevation found

on the surface of a tooth, named
according to its location or form.
Marginal

ridge
Triangular ridge
Transverse ridge
Oblique ridge

Marginal ridgeA linear, rounded

border of enamel that forms the mesial
and distal margins of anterior teeth as
viewed from the lingual, and the mesial
and distal borders of occlusal surfaces on
posterior teeth

Oblique ridge
Consists of an elevated prominence on the
occlusal surface and extends obliquely from
the tips of the mesiolingual cusp to the
distobuccal cusp.
Found only on the maxillary molars.

Triangular ridge
Descend from the tips of the cusps of
molars and premolars toward the
central part of the occlusal surfaces.
Slopes of each side of ridge resemble
sides of triangle

Transverse ridgeThe union of a buccal

and lingual triangular ridge that crosses the
surface of a posterior tooth transversely
(roughly 90 to both the buccal and lingual
tooth surfaces).

FossaA rounded or angular

depression of varying size found on
the surface of a tooth.
Lingual fossa
Central fossa
Triangular fossa

Lingual fossaIrregular, shallow

depression found on the lingual
surfaces of an incisor or cuspid.

Central fossa
Centrally located depression found on the
occlusal surface of molars and mandibular
second bicuspids.
The other bicuspids have mesial and distal
triangular fossa, but do not have a central fossa.

Triangular fossa
Located adjacent to the marginal ridges on
the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth.
Two types of triangular fossae are mesial
and distal.

GrooveA small linear depression

on the surface of a tooth.
Developmental
Supplemental

Developmental groove -shallow groove

between the primary parts of the crown or
roots

Supplemental groove
A minor, auxiliary groove that branches off
from a much more prominent
developmental groove.
They do not represent the junction of
primary tooth parts and gives the occlusal
surface a wrinkled appearance.

SulcusAn elongated valley or depression

in the surface of a tooth formed by the
inclines of adjacent cusp or ridges

Lobe

Is one of the primary divisions of a crown

All teeth develop from four or five lobes.
Lobes are usually separated by readily
identifiable developmental grooves.

MamelonsAre small, rounded

projections of enamel from the incisal
edges of newly erupted anterior teeth. The
projections wear away soon after eruption.

Pits small pin point depressions

located at the junction of the
grooves or at terminals of those
grooves

Tubercles -are small elevations that

may be found on some portion of the
crown. They are usually formed by
addition of enamel.

TOOTH DIVISION
-THIRDS
-LINE ANGLES &
-POINT ANGLES

The crowns and roots of the teeth

have been divided into thirds, and
junctions of the crown surfaces are
described as line angles and point
angles.
Line angles and point angles are
used only as descriptive terms to
indicate a location.

The crown is divided into an

INCISAL or OCCLUSAL THIRD,
MIDDLE THIRD, and a CERVICAL
THIRD .
The root is divided into CERVICAL
THIRD, MIDDLE THIRD and an
APICAL THIRD.

The crown may be divided into

thirds in three directions:
inciso or
occlusocervically
mesiodistally &
labio or
buccolingually.

Inciso or occlusocervically it is divided

into
-incisal or occusal,middle and cervical
thirds.
Mesiodistally it is divided into
-mesial,middle and distal thirds .
Labio or buccolingually it is divided into
-labial or buccal,middle and lingual
thirds.

Line angle: a line angle is formed by

the junction of two surfaces and
derrives its name from the
combination of two surfaces that
join.

Line angles of anterior teeth:

1.mesolabial
4.distolingual
2.distolabial
5.labioincisal
3.mesiolingual
6.linguoincisal

Line angles of posterior teeth:

1.mesiobuccal
5.mesio
occlusal
2.distobuccal
6.disto
occlusal
3.mesiolingual
7.bucco
occlusal
4.distolingual
8.linguo
occlusal

Point angle: it is formed by junction

of three surfaces. It also derrives its
name from the combination of
names of the surfaces forming it.

Point angles of the anterior teeth:

1.mesiolabioincisal
3.mesiolinguoincisal
2.distolabiolincisal
4.distolinguoincisal

Point angles of posterior teeth:

1.mesiobucco-occlusal
3.mesiolinguo-occlusal
2.distobucco-occlusal
4.distolinguo-occlusal