Overview

What is project?
Why is project management?
Growth of project management
Project management in Pakistan Govt.

Structure
Code of Ethics for project management
profession
PMP Certification an introduction

 Projects
Subprojects

Many definitions for

these words have been
proposed.

Programmes
Portfolios
Processes
Project Management

A few sample definitions

are included in the
following slides.

(Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge,

the Project Management Institute, 3rd. Ed., 2004, p. 5)

What is a Project? (Definition

#2)

(Robert Wysocki / Robert Beck Jr. / Daniel B. Crane: Effective Project

Management, John Wiley & Sons, 2002, p.65)

What is a Project? (Definition

#3)

(Clifford F. Gray / Erik W. Larson, Project Management:

The Managerial Process, 2. ed., p. 15)

(J.R. Turner, The Handbook of Project-Based Management: Improving

Processes for Achieving Your Strategic Objectives, Mcgraw Hill: New
York, 1992)

What is a Project? (Definition

#5)

(David I. Cleland / Lewis R. Ireland, Project Management:

Design and Strategic Implementation, 4th ed., p. 10)

What are Subprojects?

Subprojects are smaller, more manageable
components of larger, more complex projects
Subprojects have their own goals and
outputs or deliverables which together
constitute the final deliverable. Subprojects
have, analogous to the main project in which
they are integrated, their own scope,
schedules, costs, human resources, risks
etc.

Subprojects are comprised of project team members and are headed by

subproject managers who, similar to the project manager, must have excellent
decision-making, communication and other requisite skills, and be in a position to
manage the implementation of the subproject work effectively and efficiently.

Events

Human Resources
and Volunteers

Test Games and

Trial Events

Venues, Facilities
Accommodation

Cultural Olympiad

Sponsorship
Management

Transport

Pre-Games Training

Media Facilities
and Coordination

IT-Projects

Telecommunications

Opening and Closing

Ceremonies

Security
Arrangements

Public Relations

Medical Care

Financing

The Sydney Olympic

Games 2000 was a highly
complex project which
comprised several
distinct work areas, each
of which could be considered as subprojects,
in their own right, and
which all had to be integrated and coordinated
within the framework of
the overall olympic
project.

What is a Programme?
Higher Education
Primary Education Promotion
Electrification
Immunization
Poverty Alleviation
Privatization
Project
Project A
Project
Project B
Project
Project C

Project D
Programme
XYZ
XYZ

Project
Project E
E

Space Exploration
Urban Regeneration
Water Resource Development

Project
Project F
F

Weaponization

OF PROGRAMMES
PROGRAMMES
EXAMPLES OF
EXAMPLES

A programme is basically a group

of related projects managed in
a coordinated way to obtain
benefits and control not
available from managing them
individually

Example of a Programme
Project
Projectfor
forUpgrading
UpgradingEquipment
Equipment
A
A CAPITAL
CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
PROGRAMME
PROGRAMME

may
comprise
following
projects

Project
Projectfor
forTraining
TrainingPersonnel
Personnel

Project
Projectfor
forExpanding
Expanding
Production
ProductionLines
Lines

Project
Projectfor
forAcquiring
AcquiringLarge-Scale
Large-Scale
Funding
Funding

Programmes & Projects:

Similarities
Programmes and projects have goals and objectives which define

their purpose of existence

Programmes and projects have life-spans defining a starting and

ending point in time

Programmes and projects consume resources and necessarily incur

a cost
Programmes and projects require application of a methodology and

must be managed properly to bolster their chances of success

Programmes and projects aim at helping organizations to achieve

their mission and adding value to them.

Programmes & Projects:

Differences
X Programmes may have multiple overarching goals whereas

projects have one prime goal

X A programme has a comparatively longer life-span, and

obviously costs more than the combination of all the projects

which constitute it
X A programme is inherently more complex than a constituting

project it has a broader scope and may require extensive

coordination between its various constituting projects
X Whereas a project results in the creation of an output and is

then ended, a programme must integrate and maintain the

operationality of that output for a specified period of time

The project portfolio is the set of

projects which an organization is
undertaking. Projects usually differ in
their type, complexity, cost, time
requirement, risk level, priority, etc.

Some portfolios may be quite large,

comprising dozens or hundreds of single
projects,and consume a large chunk of
an organizations resources

The projects comprising the portfolio

may be in various stages of initiation,
planning, and implementation

Portfolios are dynamic. Their

composition will change over time as
some projects end or are prematurely
terminated and new projects are added

A major challenge for organizations is to

devise a system for identifying,
selecting and monitoring projects which
are aligned with its mission, goals and
objectives and add value to them

What is a Process?

What is a Process?
According to the Project Management Institute,
a process can be defined as:

What is Project
Management?

(Robert K. Wysocki / Robert Beck Jr. / David B. Crane, Effective Project Management, 2. ed., John Wiley
& Sons, 2002, p. 79).

What is Project
Management?

[ISO 9001:2000]

What is Project
Management?

(Harold Kerzner, Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planing, Scheduling and

Controlling, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York et. al., 7. ed, 2001, p. 4)

Project Management helps organizations

to
tackle the pressure of change in
environments global, economic,
market, social, political, regulatory,
technological and others which are
characterized by a high and increasing
degree of complexity, dynamism and

Project Management offers a focused,

systematic, integrated and process-driven
framework of application of an
organizations resources for effective and
efficient realization of its projects, and
therewith its goals, objectives and mission.
It is, hence, an important strategic tool
indispensible for an organizations survival
and growth.

Project Management is primarily about

leadership, integrating work occurring in all
project areas, steer-ing the project in the right
direction and effectively managing
stakeholders and complexity. Specialized
technical tasks and the tools used in project
management - often the prime focus of
interest by students of the subject and novice
project managers - are of secondary concern.

Project Management teaches best

practices based on years of experience with
projects in diverse fields across the globe. It
should be kept in mind, though, that what
works well in one project situation may not
at all work well in another.
Use good judgment and always be cognizant
of the context-sensitivity of Project

Using Project Management is no

guarantee that the project will be
sucessful i.e. that it achieves its goal
within time and allocated budget to the
satisfaction of all stakeholders
concerned. What Project Management
essentially does, though, is offer a
systematic but flexible framework which
can increase the chances of the project
suceeding or, conversely, decrease its

The intensity with which Project

Management is applied must be
proportional to the need and complexity of
that project. Just as one wouldnt
commission a flame thrower to kill a
cockroach, it would be an error of judgment
to apply the full range of project
management processes and tools to a
project which can probably be successfully
managed more effectively and efficiently

Project Management seeks at least to meet and preferably to exceed - stakeholder

needs (i.e. the identified requirements) as
well as stakeholder expectations (i.e.
unidentified requirements) from a given
project within the constraints of scope, cost,
time and quality.
Project Management is an evolving area of
knowledge striving for continuous self-

Explore project management literature to

identify dimensions/components of project
success and project performance. Then
write on identified dimensions of both
project success and project performance
from

latest

literature

(use

2014-2016

articles).
e.g. Project Success (project efficiency, impact on customer,

Thank You!