Stress Management

ST
R ES
S

Definitions of Stress
Ø It is something that involves the interaction of the
individual with the environment.
Ø It is the experience of unpleasant over or under
stimulation which actually or potentially leads
to ill health.
Ø It is an internal experience that creates a
psychological or physiological imbalance
within an individual and results from factors in
the external environment, the organisation, or
the individual.

2
Pressure and Stress
ST
R ES
S

Too Much Pressure Stress

An appropriate level NO Stress

Of pressure

Not enough pressure Stress

3
 Types of stress
ST
RE
SS
 According to Dr. Pestonji
a) Eustress
b) Hypostress
c) Hyperstress
d) Distress
Nature of stress e)
Natural part of human functioning.
Associated with constraints and demands.
All people do not react in the same way to stressful
situation.
It is an additive phenomenon.
It is not necessarily bad.
It creates real cost to the organisation.
4
 ST
RE
S S

Components of stress

Stimulus
(Environment, Interaction
of stimulus Response
Organization,
(Frustration,
Individual)
Anxiety)

5
 ST
RE
S S

Types of stressor

a. Cataclysmic phenomenon: Natural disaster

b. Individual crisis: Death of relatives
c. Daily hassles: Routine problem
d. Psychological: Sentiments
e. Organisational
Unreasonable target
Unethical instructions by superior
Misbehaviour of subordinates
Threats of transfer
Denial of promotion
f.
6
 ST

Organizational Stress model

RE
S S

Personality

Stress Stress reaction

Stressor

Anxiety reduction

Direct confrontation

7
 ST
RE
S S

Burnout

Burnout occurs when people exposed to high

levels of stress over prolonged periods of time.

It is characterized by emotional exhaustion and

a combination of negative attitudes.

8
 Phases of Burnout
• Emotional Exhaustion
• Depersonalization
• Attitudinal Changes
•
 A Model of Burnout ST
RE
S S

Personal Stressors
High achievement expectations Job and Organizational
High organizational expectations Role overload
Level of Job involvement Role conflict
Duration, frequency, and intensity of interpersonal inter

Attitudinal and Behavioral

Emotional Exhaustion Negative Attitudes
Frustration
Helplessness
Depersonalization Withdrawal from friends
and socializing


Feeling a lack of Personal Accomplishment

 Stress Vs Burnout
ST
RE
S S

Stress Burnout
The person feel fatigued The individual encounters chronic
exhaustion.
The person is anxious The individual is hypersensitive
The person is dissatisfied with his The individual is bored and
or her job cynical about the work.
The person’s job commitment has The individual’s job commitment
dropped off from the is virtually nil; he or she is
organization. mentally detached.
The person is having difficulty The individual does not seem to
concentrating; he or she tends to know where he or she is;
forget things. forgetfulness is becoming more
The person feels guilty depressed. and
The more frequent.
individual encounters mental
fatigue. 11
 ST
RE
S S

Stress Consequences
Positive Consequences
Self Motivation
Stimulation to work harder
Increased inspiration to live a better life.
Negative and Disruptive consequences
Subjective : anxiety, apathy, depression
Behavioral : alcoholism, drug abuse, nervous laughter.
Cognitive: poor concentration, mental blocks
Physiological : increased heart rate, dryness of mouth
Organizational : low productivity, job dissatisfaction.
•
• 12
 ST
RE
S S

Health related consequences of stress

Medical Behavioural Psychological

Consequences Consequences consequences
Hearth disease and Smoking Family conflict
stroke
Backache and Drug and alcohol Sleep disturbances
arthritis
Ulcer Accident proneness Sexual dysfunction
Cancer Violence Depression
Diabetes Appetite disorder
Cirrhosis of the liver
Lung disease

13
 ST
RE
S S

Causes of Stress
A) Environmental causes


Economic uncertainties

Political uncertainties

New innovation


14
B) Organizational causes
ST
RE
S S

Role overload
Heavy responsibility
Role conflict
Role ambiguity
Job boredom
Interpersonal demand
Organisational structure
Organisational leadership
Organisational life state
•

15
 ST
RE
S S

C) Personal causes


Type A personality

Change in one’s life

Locus of control

Cognitive appraisal
•
16
 Typical A type and B type Personality ST
R ES
S

Characteristics
Type A people Type B People
Do things rapidly.


Impatient with the speed.

May be ambitious but
Try to do more than one thing at a time.
may work steadily.
Are tense during leisure time and may May not always be

feel guilty of washing away their

time. impatiens.
Unable to appreciate things of beauty. Plan and execute things
May undertake more than they can cope

with.
which they feel are
May make nervous gestures such as tics within their capacity.
and clenched fist. May truly enjoy
Constantly evaluate their own and other

worth in term of no. of things leisure, forgetting

achieved.
their involvement in17
work or goals.
Symptoms of stress

18
 ST
RE
S S

Unhealthy ways of coping with stress

 Smoking  Using pills or drugs to relax

 Drinking too much  Sleeping too much

 Overeating or under eating  Procrastinating

 Zoning out for hours in front of the  Filling up every minute of the day to
TV or computer avoid facing problems

 Withdrawing from friends, family,  Taking out your stress on others

and activities (lashing out, angry outbursts,

• physical violence)

•
19
 ST
RE
S S

ABC STRATEGY

 A = AWARENESS B = BALANCE
 There is a fine line between
positive / negative stress
 What causes you
stress?
How much can you cope with
 How do you react? before it becomes negative ?


C = CONTROL
What can you do to help yourself combat
the negative effects of stress ?
20
 Ways to deal with Stress..
ST
RE
S S

1.Tackling problem
Thinking
Utilizing other people
The organizational system
2.Active distraction
People
Hobbies


– 21
 ST
RE
S S

3. Self nurturing


Rest
Diet
Luxuriating
4. Emotional expression


Expressing your feeling verbally

Catharsis
Creative emotional expression
•
22
 ST
RE
S S

Time management

Prioritizing the work

Prepare to do list
Separate time for yourself
Hardiness
Things to remember…….
 ST
RE
S S

Organizational stress mainly caused

by-
Task demand
Role demand
Cultural causes- racial, religious,
gender, caste
Leadership capability
 ST
RE
S S

Job enrichment
Ø Job redesign- responsibilities and skills,
job relocation
Ø Selection and replacement of staff
Ø Role clarification
Ø Cultivate allies at work
 ST
RE
S S

Stress Management Programs

Employment assistance programme

Different trainings
Sabbaticals, vacations
Talent management programme
Sharing information
To improve emotional intelligence of
team
 Other methods
ST
RE
S S

• Biofeedback
• Conventional Medicine • Homeopathy
• Counselling & • Hypnotherapy
psychotherapy • Acupuncture
• Aromatherapy
• Meditation • Acupressure
• Massage • Gem therapy
• Yoga • Soft music
• Reiki
• Magnetic therapy
• Situation specific
therapy


27
 t re s s
n ’t S
Do s e l f
yo u r
Y O U
A N K
T H Presented By:
Chandra Bhushan Kumar
Lalan Kumar Singh
Mukesh Ranjan
Rachit Ahuja
Sumit Chandra
28