RAYNAUDS

DISEASE

Raynaud's diseaseisararedisorderofthebloodvessels

It causes some areas of your body

such as your fingers and toes to feel
numb and cold in response to cold
temperatures or stress.

Signs and symptoms of Raynaud's depend on the

frequency, duration and severity of

the blood vessel spasms that underlie the disorder. Raynaud's disease signs and symptoms
include:

Cold fingers or toes

Color changes in your skin in response to cold or stress
Numb, prickly feeling or stinging pain upon warming or stress
relief

During an attack of Raynaud's:

turn white.
the affected areas often turn blue and feel cold and numb.

affected areas of your skin usually first

As you warm and circulation improves, the affected areas may turn red,
throb, tingle or swell. The order of the color changes isn't the same for

not everyone experiences

all three colors.
everyone, and

Blood vessels in spasm

With Raynaud's, arteries to your fingers and toes go into vasospasm when exposed to

cold or stress
limiting blood supply.
small arteries may thicken slightly, further limiting blood flow.

Narrows your vessels and temporarily

Cold temperatures are most likely to trigger an attack. Exposure to cold, such
as putting your hands in cold water, taking something from a freezer or encountering
cold air, is the most likely trigger. For some people,

cause an episode of Raynaud's.

emotional stress can

Primary vs. secondary Raynaud's

There are two main types of the condition:

Primary Raynaud's
Raynaud's disease, or "Primary

Secondary
Raynaud's

Raynaud's", is diagnosed if the symptoms

are idiopathic that is, if they occur by
Secondary toa wide variety of other
themselves and not in association with
conditions.
other diseases

Smokingincreases frequency and

intensity of attacks, and there is a
hormonal component.

Caffeinealso worsens the attacks.

Sufferers are more likely to have
migraines and angina.

Secondary Raynaud's has a number of

associations:
Secondary Raynaud's- which is a
syndrome caused by a
knownprimary disease, most
commonly connective tissue
disorders such as systemic sclerosis

Causes of secondary Raynaud's

include:
Connective tissue diseases
leads to hardening and scarring of the
skin (scleroderma) have Raynaud's.
Other diseases that increase the risk
of Raynaud's include:
lupus
rheumatoid arthritis
Sjogren's syndrome.

Carpal tunnel syndrome- involves

pressure on a major nerve to your hand
(median nerve) producing numbness
and pain in the affected hand.
Repetitive action or
vibration.Typing, playing piano or
doing similar movements for long
periods and operating vibrating tools,
such as jackhammers, can increase your
risk of developing Raynaud's.
Smoking.Smoking constricts blood

Diseases of the arteries- buildup of

plaques in blood vessels that feed the heart vessels and is a potential cause of
(atherosclerosis) or a disorder in which the Raynaud's.
blood vessels of the hands and feet become
Injuries. Certain medications.
inflamed (Buerger's disease

including beta blockers

migraine medications that contain
ergotamine or sumatriptan

Risk factors for primary Raynaud's

include:
Sex
Age
Climate
Family history

Risk factors for secondary

Raynaud's include:
Associated diseases- include
conditions such as scleroderma and
lupus.
Certain occupations.People in
occupations that cause repetitive

Sorting out primary vs. secondary Raynaud's

To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud's, test called nail fold
capillaroscopy
If your doctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or
connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud's, he or she may order blood
tests, such as:
Antinuclear antibodies test.A positive test for the presence of these
antibodies produced by your immune system may indicate a stimulated
immune system
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.This test determines the rate at which red
blood cells settle to the bottom of a tube. A faster than normal rate may signal
an underlying inflammatory or autoimmune disease.

Medications
Medications may help treat Raynaud's. To widen (dilate) blood
vessels and promote circulation, your doctor may prescribe:
Calcium channel blockers- relaxes and open small blood
vessels in your hands and feet, decreasing the frequency and
severity of attacks in most people with Raynaud's.
Can also help heal skin ulcers on your fingers or toes
Alpha blockers-Counteracts the actions of norepinephrine,
a hormone that constricts blood vessels
Vasodilators.Some doctors prescribe a drug that relaxes
blood vessels (vasodilator), such as nitroglycerin cream
applied to the base of your fingers to help heal skin ulcers.

Surgeries and medical procedures

Nerve surgery.Nerves called sympathetic nerves in your hands and
feet control the opening and narrowing their exaggerated response.
Through small incisions in the affected hands or feet, a doctor strips away
these tiny nerves around the blood vessels. This surgery

(sympathectomy)

may reduce the frequency and duration

of attacks, but it's not always successful.
Chemical injection.Doctors can inject chemicals such as local
anesthetics or onabotulinumtoxin type A (Botox) to block sympathetic
nerves in affected hands or feet..

THANK YOU!