TOPIC 2

Slope Deflection Method

for Statically Indeterminate
Portal Frames
by:
SALIZAWATI BINTI KAMARUZZAMAN
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
1

Learning Outcome
Upon completion of this topic, students should be
able to:
Understand the basic concept of slope deflection method for solving
the indeterminate beams:
1

Explain the portal frame

Discuss the factors that cause frame to sway or not to sway

Calculate the internal moment at portal frame support and
joint subjected to point loads and distributed loads up to three
Unknowns using the slope deflection method
Draw shear force and bending moment diagram

4
3

2.1 Frames
used in buildings and are composed of beams and columns that
are either pin or fixed connected
like trusses, frames extend in two or three dimensions.
the loading on a frame causes is generally indeterminate from a
standpoint of analysis.
the strength of such a frame is derived from the moment
interactions between the beams and the columns at the rigid
joints.

2.1 Frames
Types of frames:
i. Symmetrical portal frames (non-sway)
ii. Unsymmetrical portal frames (sway)
Symmetrical portal frames

Both the columns are of the

same length , having similar
end conditions(i.e either
hinged or fixed)
Subjected to symmetrical
loading

The joints of such a portal

3 frame will not be subjected
to any translation on side

Unsymmetrical portal
frames

either the columns are not

symmetrical , or the frame is
not symmetrically loaded

Subjected to some horizontal

movement, known as sway,
to one side or the other

The rigid joints between the

columns and beams will have
motion of translation
4

2.2 Symmetrical Portal Frames (Nonsway)

A symmetrical portal frame is that in which;
a) Both columns are of the same length.
b) Having similar end conditions (hinged or fixed), moment of
inertia, and modulus of elasticity.
c) Subjected to symmetrically load.

*symmetrical portal frame, the joints will not be subjected

to any translation or side sway
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2.2 Symmetrical Portal Frames (Nonsway)

2.3 Unsymmetrical Portal Frames

(sway)
Which either ;
i) the column are not symmetrical, or
ii) the frame is not symmetrically loaded.

Subjected to some horizontal movement known,

as sway, to one side or the other.

Rigid joints between the columns and beam

will have a motion of translation.
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2.3 Unsymmetrical Portal Frames

(sway)

2.3 Unsymmetrical Portal Frames

(sway)

2.4 Side Sway

Any appreciable lateral or side-ward movement of top of a
vertical member relative to its bottom is called side sway,
sway or lateral drift.

Portal frame
without sway
3

Portal frame with

sway
10

2.4 Side Sway

Causes of side sway:
i) Length of different columns in a
frame structure is different.
ii) Due to un-symmetrical loading.
iii) Lateral loads are acting.
iv) Different end conditions of the
columns
v) Non-uniform section of the members

(Sections of columns having different cross

sectional
properties. For example if
moment of inertia of one vertical
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member is different from the other)

2.4 Side Sway

Side sway may be prevented in a frame by:
Providing shear or partition walls.
Fixing the top of frame with adjoining rigid structures.
Provision of properly designed shear walls act as
backbone of the structure and reducing the lateral
deflections.
Provision of lateral bracing which may be diagonal
bracing or longitudinal bracing
3

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2.4 Analysis of Portal Frames

All the symmetrical portal frames are analysed by
opening them out, and threating them exactly like
a three span continuous beam
The junction of the beams and column behaves
like a rigid joint.

* Calculate the the internal moment for portal frame

=
Calculate the the internal moment for beam
3

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2.5 FIXED END MOMENT (FEM)

Example 2.1:
Calculate the fixed end moments for each member:
30 kN
a)
B
A

3m
2m
3

2m

C
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2.5 FIXED END MOMENT (FEM)

a) Answer:
Span AB

30 kN

FEMAB

FEMBA

2m

2m

FEMAB = - 15 kNm; FEMBA = + 15 kNm

Span BC

FEMBC

FEMCB

3m

FEMBC = 0 kNm; FEMCB = 0 kNm

15

2.5 FIXED END MOMENT (FEM)

Exercise 2.1:
Calculate the fixed end moments for each member:
a)

9 kN/m
B
A

1m

5 kN
2m
4m

3
FEMAB = - 12 kNm; FEMBA = + 12 kNm; FEMBC = - 2.22 kNm; FEMCB = + 1.11 kNm
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2.5 FIXED END MOMENT (FEM)

Exercise 2.1:
Calculate the fixed end moments for each member:
b)

25 kN/m
A

2EI

EI

2m
2EI

13 kN
2m
D

3m

2m

Ans:
FEMAB = - 18.75kNm;
FEMBA = + 18.75 kNm;
FEMBC = - 50 kNm;
FEMBD = -6.5 kNm;
FEMDB = +6.5 kNm

2.5 FIXED END MOMENT (FEM)

Exercise 2.1:
Calculate the fixed end moments for each member:
8 kN

c)
A

3EI

Ans:
FEMAB = - 16.5 kNm;
FEMBA = + 13.5 kNm;
FEMBC = - 6.75 kNm;
FEMCB = +6.75 kNm;
FEMBD = -9 kNm;
FEMDB = +9 kNm;
3 CE = - 2.22 kNm;
FEM
FEM = +4.44 kNm;

9 kN/m
B

2EI

2EI

2EI
12 kN
5 kN

1m

3m

4m

3m

2m 3m

2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

Step 1: Calculate Fixed End Moment (FEM) for
each member
Step 2: Write Slope Deflection Equation
Step 3: Solve Equilibrium Equation and solve for
unknown
Step 4: Substitute into Slope deflection
Equation and calculate the internal moment
Step 5: Calculate reaction and draw SFD and
BMD

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2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

Example 2.2:
Calculate internal moment for portal frames subjected to a
load as figure below by using slope deflection method, then
draw SFD and BMD
a)
9 kN/m
B
A

1m

5 kN
2m
4m
3

20

2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

STEP 1: Calculate Fixed End Moment
FEMAB = - 12 kNm;
FEMBA = + 12 kNm;
FEMBC = - 2.22 kNm;
FEMCB = + 1.11 kNm

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2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

STEP 2 : Slope Deflection Equation

Since
the beam is fixed at A and C, therefore slope at A and C,
and

------------------------- 1

------------------------- 2

------------------------- 3

------------------------- 4

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2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

STEP 3 : Moment Equilibrium At Each Joint .

4 EI B

2.22 0
3

7 EI B 3

EI B 12

29.34
7 EI

23

2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

STEP 4 : Value Of Internal Moment
Final Moments at support A, B, and C;
29.34

B
Substituting the value
of
7 EI
and (iv) ;

in equations (i), (ii)

EI 29.34

12 14.1 kNm
2
7 EI
29.34
M BA EI
12 7.81 kNm
7 EI
4 EI 29.34
M BC

2.22 7.81 kNm

3
7 EI
2 EI 29.34
M CB

1.11 1.68 kNm

3
7 EI
M AB

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2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

STEP 5 : Shear Force (kN) & Bending Moment (kNm)
Reaction at support A, B and C

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2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

19.57
14.1

10.96
7.81

6.5

2.17

18

1.31
7.04
1.68

BMD

SFD
x
4 x

19.57 16.43
16.43 x 78.28 19.57 x

x 2.17m

4.65

+ 2.47

16.42
1.5

7.81

14.1 7.81
10.96
2

x
3 x

7.81 1.68
9.49 x 23.43

a
7.81

1.47 2.47
a 4.65m

x 2.47 m
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2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

Exercise 2.2:

Calculate internal moment for portal frames subjected to a

load as figure below by using slope deflection method, then
draw SFD and BMD 30 kN
a)
Answer:
B
A

3m
2m
3

2m

MAB = - 18.21 kNm;

MBA = + 8.57 kNm;
MBC = - 8.57 kNm;
MCB = - 4.29 kNm
RA = 17.41 kN;
RB1= 12.59 kN;
RB2 = 4.29 kN;
RC = -4.29 kN

C
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2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

17.41

18.21

13.39
8.57

+
4.29

12.59

30

16.61
4.29

SFD

8.57

BMD

28

2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

Exercise 2.2:

Calculate internal moment for portal frames subjected to a

load as figure below by using slope deflection method, then
draw SFD and BMD
c)
25 kN/m
A

2EI

EI

2m
2EI

13 kN
2m
D

3m

2m

Ans:
MAB = - 5.63 kNm;
MBA = + 44.99 kNm;
MBD = +5.01 kNm;
MDB = 0 kNm;
RA = 24.38 kN;
RB1= 50.62 kN;
RB2 = 5.25 kN;
RD= 7.75 kN;
RB3= 50 kN

2.6 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

50

24.38

50
45.1
+
0
5.25
50.62

SFD

7.75

5.63
-

5.01 +
28.13
13
15.51

12.5

6.19

BMD

30

END

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