FILTER DESING FOR ZONED DAMS

GEOTECHNICS IN PRACTICE
SELDA DURMAZ
seldadurmaz_22@hotmail.com

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GEOTECHNICS IN PRACTICE

CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF ZONED DAMS
USAGE AIM OF FILTER
SUITABLE FILTER FUTURES
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FILTER
POSSIBLE FILTER PROBLEMS
FILTER FAILURE MITIGATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

ADAPTABLE
POOR WATER
RESISTANCE
ECONOMICAL

SETTLEMENT
RESISTANCE
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DEFINITION OF ZONED DAMS

Semiimpervious

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Impervious

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Pervious

DEFINITION OF ZONED DAMS

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DEFINITION OF ZONED DAMS

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USAGE AIM OF FILTER

Lower the phreatic surface

Prevent erosion of soil particles

Prevent piping and heave

Allow drainage of seepage water

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Provide a controlled outlet

GEOTECHNICS IN PRACTICE

SUITABLE FILTER FEATURES

1)Not
segregate

Segregated Earthfill at Top and Rockfill at Bottom of Stockpile

Slope
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SUITABLE FILTER
2)Not change in
FEATURES
gradation

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Ballast breakage under tie due to cyclic

loading GEOTECHNICS IN PRACTICE

SUITABLE FILTER
FEATURES
3)Not have any apparent or real
cohesion

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SUITABLE FILTER
FEATURES
4)Be
internally
stable

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SUITABLE FILTER
FEATURES
5)Have sufficient permeability

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SUITABLE FILTER
FEATURES
6)Have the ability to control and seal
the erosion

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DESIGN CRITERIA FOR

FILTER

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DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FILTER

1) Permeability

Requirements

1.1. Embankment Permeability

Based on lab test on compacted samples
1.2. Foundation Permeability
Based on field pressure test in borings
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DESIGN CRITERIA FOR

FILTER
2) Gradation Analysis

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DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FILTER

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DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FILTER

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DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FILTER

4) Segregation

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Requirements

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POSSIBLE FILTER PROBLEMS

Hydraulic fracture (quick sand and piping)

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Started as seepage through cracks in the rock of the right

abutment
Dam had no filter-drainage zone
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Teton Dam, Idaho

POSSIBLE FILTER PROBLEMS

Leakage

Blackman Creek Dam 2005 Tasmania

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POSSIBLE FILTER PROBLEMS

Sliding due to pore water pressure increase

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Slide on Pawhuska Dam 2009 Osage County,

Oklahoma
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FILTER FAILURE MITIGATION

Change of grading
Avoid using carbonate rocks

Partial dissolution and recemention

Interlocking of grains
Cementation
Clogging

Avoid using sulphate rocks

Weakening

In-situ control tests

Narrowly-graded uniform
filters

Consider segregation problems

Limiting the maximum particle size

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CONCLUSION
What you dont know can hurt you.
Buraya bir eyler ekle tek cmle olmasn byle

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REFERENCES
International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD), (1986).
Quality Control for Fill Dams, Bulletin 56, Paris.
International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD), (1986). New
Construction Methods. State-of-the-Art, Bulletin 63, Paris.
International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD), (1990).
Conventional Methods in Dam Construction. Review, Bulletin
76, Paris.
International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD), (1992).
Owners, Consultants and Contractors. How to improve
relationships, Bulletin 85, Paris.
Geotechnical Engineering of Dams, Robin Fell ,Patrick
MacGregor,David Stapledon,Graeme Bell

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