PAPER BATTERY

A PROMISING SOURCE OF
FUTURE POWER
PRESENTED BY
AMMU CHATHUKULAM
S7 E1
ROLL NO:10400078

05/09/2013

OVERVIEW
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Objective
Basic Battery Chemistry
Need for paper battery
Paper Battery- Introduction
Battery Fabrication
Properties
Indian Scenario
Advantages
Applications
Limitations
Conclusion
References
05/09/2013

OBJECTIVE

To introduce the concept of paper

batteries as a solution of energy storage.

To analyse the characteristics ,advantages

and disadvantages of paper batteries.

05/09/2013

BASIC BATTERY
CHEMISTRY

Fig:1
05/09/2013

NEED FOR PAPER BATTERY:PROBLEMS

WITH PRESENT ELECTRO-CHEMICAL
BATTERIES

LIMITED LIFE TIME

LEAKAGE

Harmful Chemicals are released in case of

leakage.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

Toxic metal pollution.

05/09/2013

NEED FOR PAPER BATTERY

(Contd)

EXPLOSION

caused by the misuse or malfunction of a battery.

INGESTION

Can cause death if swallowed.

SIZE

05/09/2013

PAPER BATTERY INTRODUCTION

Invented by YI CUI and his team at STANFORD

UNIVERSITY in December 2007.

A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy

storage and production device formed by
combining carbon nanotubes with a conventional
sheet of cellulose based paper.

Paper Battery=Paper (Cellulose) + Carbon

Nanotubes

05/09/2013

WHY PAPER?

Abundantly available.

Biodegradable and biocompatible.

Excellent Porosity & Absorption Capacity.

Easily Reusable and Recyclable.

Non Toxic.

05/09/2013

CLASSES OF PAPERS USED

Commercial copy white paper(0.118 mm

thick)

Recycled paper(0.115mm thick)

Tracing paper(0.065mm thick)

05/09/2013

CARBON NANOTUBES
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) areallotropes of
carbonwith acylindricalstructure.
Their name is derived from Graphene.
Sheets rolled at specific and discrete angles.
Rolling angle and radius decides nanotube
properties.
Nanotubes have been constructed with length-todiameter ratio of up to 132,000,000:1
05/09/2013

10

CNT (Contd)

05/09/2013

11

WHY CARBON NANOTUBES?

Very Good Electrical Conductivity.

Thickness- typically about 0.5-0.7mm.

Shelf life - 3 years.

Temperature operating range -75C to

+150C.

05/09/2013

12

FABRICATION PROCESS

1.

Carbon Nano ink (solution of CNT, surface

adhesives, and ionic salt solutions) is spread on
one side of the paper.

2.

The paper is then kept in the oven for 150 C

for 5min.

3.

Cathode and anode are attached in the same

way as in conventional battery.

05/09/2013

13

STAGES OF FABRICATION

05/09/2013

14

Click icon to add picture

Images Of Paper battery

05/09/2013

15

PROPERTIES

Output voltage is directly proportional to

CNT concentration.

Independent of the thickness of paper.

Change of only 0.01V when the

thickness

vary from 0.1mm to 0.5mm.

05/09/2013

16

Dependence on Humidity:

Current Density (nA/sq.cm)

900
800
700
600
Current
Density(nA/cm^2)

500
400
300
200
100
0

40

50

60

70

80

90 Relative Humidity (%)

05/09/2013

17

INDIAN SCENARIO

Not much work has been carried out

India, except for a few notable ones.

Research

ongoing in IIT Mumbai and

IMRAM
Tohoku University in Japan,
assisted by Indias Department of Science
and Technology.

05/09/2013

18

ADVANTAGES
Very

Light Weight 1/1000 th of ordinary

cell of same rating.

Flexible

- moulded to any desired shape.

Long

life can be charged and recharged

around 40,000 times.(10 fold increase
than conventional)

05/09/2013

19

ADVANTAGES(Contd)
Customizable

output voltage - by varying

CNT concentration.
No

leakage & overheating.

Charging

rate much higher than normal li-

ion.
Environment
Extreme

friendly.

operational temperatures
05/09/2013

20

APPLICATIONS
In

Electronics:

laptop batteries, mobile phones, handheld

digital cameras, calculators etc.
wireless communication devices like
speakers, mouse, keyboard ,Bluetooth
headsets etc.

05/09/2013

21

APPLICATIONS (Contd)
In

Pacemakers for the heart.

Cosmetics, Drug-delivery systems.
Biosensors, such as Glucose meters.

In

Medical Sciences:

Automobiles and Aircrafts:

Light weight guided missiles.

Powering electronic devices in Satellite.
05/09/2013

22

LIMITATIONS

Low Shear strength: They can be torn

easily.

Less

Efficient technology: for the

production of CNT.

Expensive:

The production of CNT is very

costly.

05/09/2013

23

CONCLUSION

Paper batteries have the capability to power

next generation electronics, medical
science and automobiles.

The heavy cost for its fabrication hinders its

widespread use.

Paper battery can be a promising source of

future power with the aid of efficient
technology.
05/09/2013

24

REFERENCES

Isabel Ferreira, Bruno Brs, Nuno Correia, Pedro Barquinha, Elvira

Fortunato, and Rodrigo Martins, Self-Rechargeable Paper ThinFilm Batteries: Performance and Applications, Journal of Display
Technology ,vol. 6, no. 8,Aug. 2010.
V. L. Pushparaj, M. M. Shaijumon, A. Kumar, S. Murugesan, L. Ci,
R.Vajtai, R. J. Linhardt, O. Nalamasu, and P. M. Ajayan, Flexible
energy storage devices based on nano composite paper, PNAS,
vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 1357413577, Aug. 2007.
A. Ganguly1,s. Sar2,paper battery-a promising energy solution
For india ,international journal of advanced engineering
research and studies
05/09/2013

25

THANK YOU
05/09/2013

26