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INTRODUCTION
PROTECTIVE
RELAYS
ARE
OF
PARAMOUNT
IMPORTANCE IN POWER SYSTEM.
THEY SENSE THE FAULT THEN DETERMINES ITS
LOCATION AND FINALLY SENDS A TRIPPING SIGNAL
TO THE CIRCUIT BREAKER.
RELIABLE,EFFICIENT AND FAST IN OPERATION
PRIMARY-FIRST LINE OF DEFENCE.
BACKUP RELAYS-SECOND LINE OF DEFENCE USEND
WHEN PRIMARY MALOPERATES DUE TO
BAD CONTACTS, WRONG SETTING,OPEN CIRCUIT IN
RELAY COIL
. BACKUPS HAVE LONGER OPERATING TIME.
OPERATING PRICIPLE
PROTECTION AGAINST SHORT CIRCUITS BY
to trip
Sensing
element
Comparison
element
Control
element
Types of relays
OVERCURRENT
UNDERVOLTAGE,
UNDER-FREQUENCY
DIRECTIONAL,
DIFFERNTIAL,
DISTANCE
DISTANCE RELAYS
Action depends upon the distance of the feeding
not so selective.
Independent of changes in magnitudes of
short circuit currents
Used for phase fault and ground fault
protection of transmission lines
MHO RELAY
Best suited for phase fault relaying for long
lines.
Most sensitive.
Combines both distance and directional
function in one unit.
Also known as admittance relay
Its a voltage restrained directional relay.
Torque equation
T=KVIcos(-)-KV-K
ZONE SPECIFICATION
ZONE 1-80-85% OF THE
LINE
R1
ZONE 2- 15-20
%OF THE LINE
R2
ZF1
ZF2
FAULTY ZONE
PRIMARY
BACK UP
PROTECTION
PROTECTION
(INSTANTANEOSLY (WITH TIME LAG)
)
ZONE 1(80-90% OF
THE LINE)
ZONE 2(15-20%
FROM THE END OF
THE LINE)
ZF1<Z1A RELAY1
OPERATES
RELAY 2 OPERATES
ZF2<Z2A: RELAY 2
OPERATES
RELAY 1 OPERATES
PLC
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
There are four signal inputs and two
controlling inputs
There are four outputs (Q2,Q3,Q4,Q7)
Various blocks used are
a. GE REAL
b. MOV REAL
c. INT TO REAL
d. ON DELAY TIMER
e. COUNTERS
Flow Chart
Output
Conclusion
ried our level best to implement the mho relay using PLC.
here is some scope for improvement in our project.
are neglecting the higher order harmonics but if we use
e detector externally and take it as external input ,the result
e much reliable.
we can get proper external input and implement it properly,
give better output.
eference value should be much practical.
*
we could use phase coincide method for phase comparison it
ve more correct result.
se improvements are made than it has some advantages also
s more reliable than electro-mechanical relay.
an perform the task of more than one relay.
intenance hazard is minimum etc.
considering the all cases it can be concluded that there is some
e of improvement but we are able to implement all the features
o relay in this project.
THANK YOU