THE PRESSURE VESSEL - DISTILLATION

COLUMN

The Pressure vessel Column:

A process in which a liquid or
vapour mixture of two or more
substances is separated into
its component fractions of
desired purity, by the
application and removal of
heat.

COLUMN
SCHEMATIC VIEW OF COLUMN AND OTHER
ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENTS

TV India, member of TV NORD Group

Prepared & Presented by

NATARAJAN S.
30/01/2015

THE PRESSURE VESSEL - DISTILLATION COLUMN

The liquid mixture that is to
be processed is known as
the feed and this is
introduced usually
somewhere near the middle
of the column to
a tray known as the feed
tray. The feed tray divides
the column into a top
section and a bottom
section. The feed flows
down the column where it
is collected at the bottom in
the reboiler.
CROSS SECTION OF A TYPICAL COLUMN

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

30/01/2015

TYPES OF DISTILLATION COLUMNS

Types of distillation columns:
Batch Column
Continuous Column
TYPICAL VIEW OF COLUMNS AT SITE
BASED ON THE LAYOUT AND SERVICE
CONDITIONS AS DESIRED

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

30/01/2015

TYPES & ITS DETAILS

Batch column:
In batch operation, the feed
to the column is introduced
batch-wise. That is, the
column is charged with a
'batch' and then the
distillation process is carried
out. When the desired task is
achieved, a next batch of
feed is introduced. Thus this
process is not a continuous
process, untill the final
product is reached,

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

30/01/2015

TYPES & ITS BRIEFS

Continuous Columns:
In continuous columns, the feed
stream is continuous. No
interruptions occur unless there
is a problem with the column or
surrounding process units.

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

30/01/2015

SUB DIVISION OF COLUMNS

Continuous Column:
Further sub divided based on:--

The nature of the feed that they are processing,

Binary column - Feed contains only two components,
Multi-component column - Feed contains more than two components,
The number of product streams they have

Single product column column has only one product streams

Multi-product column - column has more than two product streams,

Extra feed to help with the separation,

Azeotropic distillation - where the extra feed appears at the top product stream
Extractive distillation - where the extra feed appears in the bottom product
stream,

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

30/01/2015

SUB DIVISION OF COLUMNS

The type of column internals
Packed column - where instead of trays, 'packings' are used to
enhance contact between vapour and liquid,

Tray column - where trays of various designs are used to hold up

the liquid to provide better contact between vapour and liquid,
hence better separation, & most effective way of distillation &
separation.

Trays further divided into three types:

1) Bubble cap trays
2) Valve trays
3) Sieve trays

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

30/01/2015

TYPES OF INTERNAL TRAYS

Bubble cap trays
A bubble cap tray
has riser or
chimney fitted over
each hole, and a
cap that covers the
riser.
CAP & RISER
CAP FITTED ON
RISER

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

RISER

30/01/2015

TYPES OF INTERNAL TRAYS

Valve trays
In valve trays, perforations are
covered by liftable caps.
Vapour flows lifts the caps,
thus self creating a flow area
for the passage of vapour.
The lifting cap directs the
vapour to flow horizontally into
the liquid, thus providing better
mixing than that of sieve trays.

TRAY

LIFTABLE
CAPS

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

30/01/2015

TYPES OF INTERNAL TRAYS

Sieve trays
Sieve trays are simply
metal plates with holes
in them. Vapour passes
straight upward through
the liquid on the plate.
The arrangement,
number and size of the
holes are design
parameters.

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

NO ADDITIONAL
ATTACHMENTS ONLY
HOLES IN THE TRAY

30/01/2015

10

SQUARENESS OF SHELL
What is a squareness ?
Squareness.why so Important?
How it is associated with the
Vessel Axis alignment, Nozzles,
External Cleats, other non Pressure
parts, TSRs & other internal
attachment on equipment ?

Shell placed on rotators

Plumb Bob

Rotating
Direction

How the squareness is untangled ?

Rotators

How to regain it to meet the required

squareness ?

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

Measure this distance at minimum 8 locations

by rotating the shell, it must be within + 1mm

9/29/16

11

TSR

What is TSR ?

Welding requirement,
With hole / Without hole,
Continuous / Splitted,
Downcomer orientation
Top side Levelness,
Inter-distance between two TSR,
Elevation & its accuracy from
BTL,
TRAY SUPPORT RING ( TSR )

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

30/01/2015

12

BOLTING BAR

CRITICAL
DIMENSIONS

What are Bolting Bars ?

Single / Pair,
Drilled hole / Slotted,
Inter distance between two
bolting bars,
Accuracy of Top edge of BB
to Top face of
TSR,
Accuracy of First Hole of BB
to Top Face of
TSR,
Accuracy of Longitudinal edge of BB to
Start of TSR,
Linearity levelness / Inter bolting bar
levelness
TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

30/01/2015

13

DOWNCOMER IN TSR
DOWNCOMER

What are Downcomer ?

One way / Two way / Three way ,

Orientation ,

What are Seal Pan ?

Orientation,
Functionality of seal pan,
Bolting bar slot accuracy

TRAY SUPPORT RING

DOWNCOMER

TRAY

30/01/2015

14

WELDING CRITICALITY,

Welding criticality

AREAS TO BE LEFT
WITHOUT WELDING

Areas to leave without welding

Top side Perpendicularity of TSR to BB

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

30/01/2015

15

THANK YOU

TUV INDIA, Member of TV NORD Group

9/29/16

16