CURRENT TRENDS IN DSP

ARCHITECTURE
Dr. L R RAJAGOPAL

WHAT IS THE CORE ?

MOBILE COMM AND

FAX / DATA MODEMS

MULTIMEDIA

IMAGE PROCESSING

AUDIO PROCESSING

VIDEO CONFERENCING

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

DSP IS THE CORE

MOBILE COMM AND

FAX / DATA MODEMS

MULTIMEDIA

IMAGE PROCESSING

AUDIO PROCESSING

DSP

VIDEO CONFERENCING

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

MOBILE COMMUNICATION
MOBILE COMMUNICATION USES 64 KBPS TRANSMISSION /
RECEPTION MODE POSSIBLE BY MODEMS USING CODECS.
FAX / DATA MODEMS PERMIT 33.6 KBPS, 56.6 KBPS
TRANSMISSION / RECEPTION ON A NORMAL TELEPHONE
LINE HAVING 3 KHz BANDWIDTH. AUDIO CODECS PROVIDE
THE DESIRED COMPRESSION / EXPANSION.
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS

MULTIMEDIA

IMAGE PROCESSING

AUDIO PROCESSING

DSP

VIDEO CONFERENCING

GPS

VIDEO CONFERENCING
UNLIKE A STILL PICTURE, MOTION PICTURE
NEEDS HIGHER DATA RATES. VIDEO CODECS
PROVIDE THE HIGH COMPRESSION RATIOS
NEEDED FOR TRANSMISSION / RECEPTION OVER
BAND LIMITED CHANNELS.
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS

MULTIMEDIA

IMAGE PROCESSING

AUDIO PROCESSING

DSP

VIDEO CONFERENCING

GPS

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

SIGNALS FROM SATELLITE CONSTELLATION USE
SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES. THE RECOVERY
OF SIGNAL AT RECEIVER NEEDS CORRELATION,
PARAMETER EXTRACTION ETC. WHICH ONLY DSP
CAN ACHIEVE.
IT IS SAID THE AMERICANS WON THE GULF WAR PRINCIPALLY
BECAUSE OF GPS.
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS

MULTIMEDIA

IMAGE PROCESSING

AUDIO PROCESSING

DSP

VIDEO CONFERENCING

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

AUDIO PROCESSING
a) DURING STUDIO RECORDING, DSP PROVIDES SEVERAL
IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS FILTERING, SIGNAL ADDITION &
SUBTRACTION, EDITING, ARTIFICIAL REVERBERATION,
ETC..
b) DURING DIGITAL RECORDING, COMPRESSION USING DSPS
PROVIDES AN HOUR OF RECORDED SPEECH IN 3 MB OF
STORAGE
c)

SPEECH RECOGNITION FEATURE EXTRACTION &

FEATURE MATCHING.
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS

MULTIMEDIA

IMAGE PROCESSING

AUDIO PROCESSING

DSP

VIDEO CONFERENCING

GPS

IMAGE PROCESSING
a) CAT SCAN X-RAYS FROM MANY DIRECTIONS ARE PASSED
THROUGH A SECTION OF THE PATIENTS BODY. POWERFUL
DSP ALGORITHMS HELP IN GENERATION OF THE IMAGES
WHICH APPEAR AS SLICES OF BODY.
b) MRI SIMILAR TO CAT BUT USING MAGNETIC FIELDS.
c)

PROCESSING OF PICTURES FORM SATELLITE, ETC.

d) COMMERCIAL IMAGING PRODUCTS VIDEO TELEPHONES,

DIGITAL TELEVISION, ETC.

MOBILE COMM AND

FAX / DATA MODEMS

MULTIMEDIA

IMAGE PROCESSING

AUDIO PROCESSING

DSP

VIDEO CONFERENCING

GPS

DSP versus CPU

WHAT DOES A DSP HAVE THAT A CPU DOESNT?

NOTHING
DO DSPs RUN FASTER THAN PENTIUM PROCESSORS?

A BIG NO!
WHAT IS SO SPECIAL ABOUT DSP ?

TAILORED ARCHITECTURE

DSP ARCHITECTURE
DATA MEMORY
(DM)

PROGRAM MEMORY
(PM)

DATA+COEFFTS

INSTRUCTIONS

PM BUS

DM BUS

A) TWO PORT

DSP ARCHITECTURE
PROGRAM MEMORY
(PM)

DATA MEMORY
(DM)
DATA

DM BUS

INSTRUCTIONS + COEFFTS

PM BUS

B) MODIFIED TWO PORT

DSP ARCHITECTURE
INSTRUCTIONS
(FROM INSTRUCTION CACHE)

PROGRAM MEMORY
(PM)

DATA MEMORY
(DM)
DATA

DM BUS

COEFFTS

PM BUS

C) THREE PORT ARCHITECTURE

TMSC32010 ARCHITECTURE

WHAT IS A GOOD DSP PROCESSOR

FAST ARITHMETIC CALCULATIONS
HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE FOR MAC OPERATIONS
SIMULTANEOUS ACCESS TO PROGRAM & DATA
SPACE
CIRCULAR BUFFERS IN LARGE DATA SPACE
BIT REVERSAL ADDRESSING SCHEME
POWERFUL AND EASY-TO-USE DEVELOPMENT
SYSTEMS AND TOOLS

EVOLUTION OF DSP PROCESSROS

MULTIPLIER
MULTIPLIER-ACCUMULATOR
INTEL 2920

LOW THROUGH PUT STSATE

LIMITED MEMORY CAPACITY

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TMS 32010

FLOOD OF FIXED-POINT PROCESSORS

TEXAS: TMS32020,...
ANALOG DEVICES: ADSP-2100,
MOTOROLA:MC56000,
AT&T
NEC

FIXED-POINT DSP MICROCOMPUTERS

ADSP-2105, 2115

FLOATING-POINT DSP PROCESSORS

TMS-320C30, ADSP-21020, MC96000,

FLOATING-POINT DSP MICRO-COMPUTERS

ADSP-21060 (SHARC)

UPTO 32K (FEATURE OF TI

NOT AD)

ADSP 2100 ARCHITECTURE

CACHE
MEMORY
INPUT REGISTER

DATA ADDRESS
GENERATOR
S1

PROGRAM
SEQUENCER

DATA ADDRESS
GENERATOR
S2

14 DMA BUS

14 DMA BUS
24 PMD BUS
16 DMD BUS
INPUT REGISTERS

INPUT REGISTERS

INPUT REGISTERS

ALU

MAC

SHIFTER

OUTPUT REGISTERS

OUTPUT REGISTERS

OUTPUT REGISTERS

R BUS

16

ALU BLOCK DIAGRAM

PMD BUS

24

DMD BUS

16 (Upper)

1
MUX

AX REGISTERS
AX 2REGISTERS
X 16
2 X 16

AY REGISTERS
AY 2
REGISTERS
X 16
2 X 16

MUX

AZ

MUX

AN

Y
ALU

AC

AF REGISTER
AF REGISTER

AV
AB

AQ

16
16
MUX

AR REGISTER
AR REGISTER

16

R BUS

MULTIPLIER ACCUMULATOR (MAC)

ADSP-2101 DSP MICRO-COMPUTER

DSP 56000 ARCHITECTURE

Z89C00 ARCHITECTURE

P
E
R
F
O
R
M
A
N
C
E

DEDICATED

FLOATING
POINT

FIXED POINT

PRICE

ADSP-21020 ARCHITECTURE

ADSP-21065 (SHARC) REPRESENTATIVE SPEEDS

ADSP-21065L
Clock Speed
Instruction Cycle Time
MFLOPS Sustained, Peak
MOPS (32-bit Fixed Point)
Sustained Peak
1024-Point Complex FFT
(Radix 4, with Digit Reverse)
FIR Filter (Per Tap)
IIR Filter (Per Biquad)
Matrix Multiply
(3 x 3) x ( x 1)
(4 x 4) x (4 x 1)
Divide (y/x)
Inverse Square Root

66 MHz
15 ns
132, MFLOPS
132, 198 MFLOPS
0.27 ms (SISD)
15 ns
60 ns
135 ns
240 ns
90 ns
135 ns

1024-POINT COMPLEX FFT (INPLACE)

32-BIT FLOATING-POINT DSPs

DSP-96000 ARCHITECTURE

Link Port
ADSP-2106x

Link Port
ADSP-2106x

Link Port
ADSP-2106x

Link
Port

Link
Port

Link
Port

Link
Port

Link
Port

Link
Port

Link port

Link port

Link port

Link Port
ADSP-2106x

Link Port
ADSP-2106x

Link Port
ADSP-2106x

Link
Port

Link
Port

Link
Port

Link
Port

Link port

Link
Port

Link port

Link
Port

Link port

Multiprocessing mesh configuration. For applications such as radar imaging, a 2d or

3d array may be the most efficient way to coordinate a large number of processors.

Z89120 ARCHITECTURE
0

TIMER11
TIMER
TIMER22
TIMER

282 X 8 BIT
REGISTER FILE

4
24K
Bytes ROM

Z8
8 bit CPU
24 Core

8
8

EXPANDED
REGISTER FILE

MAIL BOX (16 X 8)

10 BIT 4 KHz 64K

DSP PORT

256 x 16 RAM 0

256 x 16 RAM 1

DSP CORE
16 BIT FXD

Fs = 128 Khz

DSP PORT
8-BIT DAC

TIMER22
TIMER
TIMER11
TIMER

M68356 ARCHITECTURE
68302

56002

To Codec

BLACKFIN ARCHITECTURE

TigerSHARC - ARCHITECTURE

A FIR FILTER MODEL

Tapped Delay
Line

Input x(n)

Last Tap

-e(n)

INPUT d(n)

16/32

y(n)

OUTPUT

DSP 56200 ARCHITECTURE

DSP MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS

AS THE PROCESSING CAPABILITIES OF
DSPS HAVE INCREASED AND THE PRICES
HAVE DECREASED, DSPS ARE BEING USED
IN MORE AND MORE APPLICATIONS.
THE INTEGRATION OF DSPS INTO A WIDE
RANGE OF APPLICATIONS IS SIMPLIFIED
BY THE AVAILABILITY OF RUNTIME
LIBRARIES.

SPEECH PROCESSING

DSP FUNCTION
Speech Synthesis
Speech Recognition
Speech Compression
Text to Speech
Pitch Shifting
Filtering
Speech Record &
Playback

APPLICATION
Digital Tapeless Recorders
Voice Store Equipment
Phone Mail
Voice Secure Entry
Systems
Personal ID Systems
Audio Equipment &
Boards for PCs
Toys & Games

AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING

DSP FUNCTION

Reverb
Tone Control
Echo
Filtering
Audio Compression
Frequency Equalization
Pitch Shifting
Special Effects
Surround Sound

APPLICATION

Musical Instruments & Amplifiers

Audio Mixing Consoles
Recording Equipment
Broadcast Equipment
Audio Equipment & Boards for PCs
Toys & Games
Automotive Sound Systems
Digital Audio Tape Players
HDTV Equipment
Digital TV

COMMUNICATIONS
APPLICATION

DSP FUNCTION

Modulation & Transmission

Demodulation & Reception
Speech Compression
T1 Switching
DTMF
Data Encryption
Signal Recovery
Echo Cancellation
Voice Over Data

Modems
Fax Machines
BPX Systems
Phone Mail Systems
Private Data Communications Systems
Automatic Teller Machines
Broadcast Equipment
Mobile Phones
Digital Pagers
Global Positioning Systems
Secure,Speaker & Video Telephones
Satellite Phones
Wireless Local Loop
Telecom Infrastructure

INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT

APPLICATION

DSP FUNCTION

Fast Fourier Transform

(FFT)
Filtering
Waveform Synthesis
Adaptive Filtering
High Speed Numeric
Calculations

Test & Measurement Equipment

Vibration Analysis Equipment
I/O Cards for PCs
Automotive Engine Analyzers
Automotive Wheel Balancers
Industrial Scales & Measurement
Active Muffers
Oil Drilling Equipment
Seismic Instruments
Power Meters
Exercise Machines
Signal Analysers
Function / Signal Generators

MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

DSP FUNCTION
Filtering
Echo Cancellation
Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT)
Beam Foaming

APPLICATION

Respiration Monitoring Equipment

Heart Rate / Cardiac Monitoring
Ultra Sound Equipment
Medical Imaging Equipment
Blood Analyzers
Fetal/Infant Monitors
Patient Monitors
Blood Flow Monitors
Heading Aides

OPTICAL & IMAGE PROCESSING

DSP FUNCTION
2-DIMENSIONAL
FILTERING
FAST FOURIER
TRANSFORM (FFT)
PATTERN RECOGNITION
IMAGE SMOOTHING

APPLICATION

BAR CODE SCANNERS

UNDERWATER OBJECT
FINDERS
AUTOMATIC INSPECTION
SYSTEMS
FINGERPRINT
RECOGNITION
DIGITAL TELEVISIONS
SONAR/RADAR SYSTEMS
ROBOTIC VISION
VISION SYSTEMS

INDUSTRIAL MOTOR CONTROL

DSP FUNCTIONS
Filtering
Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT)
Control Loops
Noise Cancellation

APPLICATION

Motors in Appliances, Robotics

or Office Automation
Power Management Equipment
Generators
Elevators
Airconditioners
Traffic Control Systems
Navigation
Disk Drives
High Speed Controls
Vibration Analyzers

MULTI-CHANNEL HF RADIO MODEM

3 CHANNEL
RS-232 & ISA BUS
COMPLIANT

* MARINE QUALIFIED
* FIELD TESTED

SINGLE-CHANNEL HF RADIO
MODEM
* SHARC DSP
* CPCI COMPLIANT
* AVIONIC GRADE

GENERALISED DESIGN CAN BE CUSTOMISED FOR WIDE RANGE

OF APPLICATIONS

CHOICE OF PROCESSOR
A FACT!
ANY PROCESSOR CAN
ACCOMPLISH ANY SOFTWARE
TASK GIVEN ENOUGH TIME

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT - A FACT

THERE IS MORE TO FIELDING A DSP
BASED SY STEM THAN CREATING
SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS.
ONE HAS TO MAP THE CORE
ALGORITHM ONTO HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE, AND THEN GET THEM WORK
TOGETHER.

WIDE OPPORTUNITY
AS THE DSP INDUTRY IS GETTING
SOFTWARE ORIENTED WITH A LOT OF
PROGRAMMING FEATURES, THERE IS AN
OPPORTUNITY FOR REGULAR SOFTWARE
PROFESSIONALS TO GET INTO DSP
APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT

DSP GROWTH PATH

CONVENTIONAL DSP PROCESSORS
IMPROVE PERFORMANCE THROUGH
INCREASED PARALLELISM ALLOWING
MORE OPERATIONS PER INSTRUCTION
ENHANCED CONVENTIONAL DSPS
SINGLE INSTRUCTION, MULTIPLE DATA
(SIMD)
ISSUING MULTIPLE INSTRUCTIONS PER
INSTRUCTION CYCLE VLIW (VERY LONG
INSTRUCTION WORD) DSPS

CPUS WITH SIMD EXTENSIONS

DSP/MICROCONTROLLER HYBRIDS

THANK YOU

lrr@sandsindia.com