Direct filling gold

Dr. SIVARAM PENIGALAPATI

Objectives
Classificationfoil
electrolyte precipitate
granular gold
cohesive non cohesive
Properties
Advantages & Disadvantages
Indications and Contraindications.
Tooth prepararation

Why gold???
Gold was one of the earliest materials
available for the restoration of teeth.
Direct gold are those gold restorative
materials that are manufactured for
directly compacting them into
prepared cavities.

Why gold???
This noble metal is a superior restorative material
for small lesions and defects of teeth.
Direct gold restorations are highly durable if
proper case selection , cavity preparation and
careful manipulation of the material done.
Direct gold restorations exhibit excellent marginal
integrity and biocompatibility in the oral cavity.

TYPES OF DIRECT FILLING GOLDS

There are several forms of direct gold available for
restorative purposes. All of them are cohesive and
99.99% pure.
Direct filling gold may be categorized as follows
Foil
A.

Sheets ( cohesive & non cohesive)

Pellets (hand rolled and
preformed)

C.

Cylinders.

D.

Corrugated foil.

E.

Platinized foil.

F.

Laminated foil

II. Electrolytic precipitated gold

A.

Mat gold

B.

Mat foil.

C.

Gold calcium alloy

III.Powdered gold

A.

Goldent

Gold foil - sheets

Also

called as fibrous gold.

Standard no. 4 gold foil is

supplied in 100 x 100 mm ( 4x 4
inch ) sheets that weight 4
grains( 0.259 grams) and 0.51
micro meter in thickness.
No. 3 foil--- 3 grains in weight
( 0.194 grams) and 0.38
micrometer in thickness.

Gold foil cylinders

Produced by rolling cut segments of no.

4 foils into a desired width
3.2 mm
4.8 mm
6.4 mm

Platinized gold foil

Two sheets of no. 4 pure gold foil and a
layer of pure platinum foil sandwiched
between them can be hammered until the
thickness of no. 4 foil is achieved.
or
Layers of platinum and gold can be bonded
together by a cladding process during the
rolling operation and thus the sandwich is
already welded together before hammering
procedure begins.

Electrolytic precipitate
mat gold
Microcystalline gold powder formed electrolytic
precipitation also called crystalline, mat or
sponge.
Mat gold is electrolytically precipitated crystalline
form that is sandwiched between sheets of gold
foil and formed into strips.
Alloyed electrolyte precipitate--Granular gold alloyed with 0.1% calcium.
Calcium increases the strength.

Granular (powdered gold )

Fine powder is formed by chemical
precipitation or atomizing the metal.
Particle size ---maximum 74 micrometer
and average particle size is 15
micrometer.
Foil forms an effective container for the
powdered metal and forms pellets of 1- 2
mm in diameter
Each pellet contains ten times more more
metal by volume than are comparable
sized pellet of gold foil.

Cohesive & non cohesive gold

For cold welding gold should have a clean
surface free from impurities. Gold attract
gases eg. Oxygen, to its surface and any
adsorbed gas film prevents cohesion of
individual increments of gold, during their
compaction.
Cohesive gold --manufacturer therefore supplies the gold
essentially free of surface contaminants,
and thus inherently cohesive. This type of
gold is known as cohesive gold.

Non cohesive gold---Manufacturer can subject the foil to a

volatile agent such as ammonia, which is
adsorbed on surface of gold. This volatile
substance acts as a protective film to
prevent adsorption of non volatile materials
and premature cohesion of pellets in their
container. This ammonia treated foil is called
as non cohesive gold.

PROPERTIES OF DIRECT FILLING GOLD

Pure gold is soft, malleable and ductile and does
not oxidize under the normal atmospheric
conditions.
It has rich yellow colour and strong metallic lusture.
Brinnel hardness number of gold is 25. this makes
it very soft. During compaction the hardness
increases.
Gold is the noblest of all the metals. It does not
undergo tarnish and corrosion in the oral
environment.

Advantages of direct gold--When properly placed direct gold is

the most durable material.
It does not undergo tarnish and
corrosion in the oral cavity.
Insoluble in oral fluids and coefficient
of thermal expansion is similar to
tooth.

disadvantages
Colour yellow
Manipulation is technique sensitive.
Filling cavity is time consuming.
Expensive.
High thermal conductivity. Pulp
protection is required.
Galvanic shock.

Indications
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class V
Class VI
Defective crow margins.

Contraindications
Young patients
Heavy occlusal forces
Periodontally compromised tooth.
Economics
Handicapped and children of special
needs
Esthetics access and isolation
difficulties.

Principles of Tooth Preparation

Outline Form
Resistance Form
Retention Form
Convenience Form
Class I Cavity Preparation
Restoration of Class I Cavity With DFG
Contouring & Finishing
Polishing

Class V Tooth Preparation

Restoration of Class V Cavity With
DFG
Contouring & Finishing

PRINCIPLE OF TOOTH
PREPARATION FOR DFG
Fundamental of tooth preparation
OUT LINE FORM
Margins are established on sound areas of the tooth
that can be finished and polished.
Margins out line must be designed to be esthetically
pleasing
Failure to give attention to out line form may result in
unsightly restoration

RESISTANCE FORM
Pulpal wall is flat and perpendicular to occlusal force

All enamel must be supported by sound dentin

optimally placed axial wall or pulpal wall promotes

the integrity of restored tooth ,thus providing a
suitable thickness of remaining dentin

RETENTION FORM:
Established by parallelism of walls and by strategically
pleasing converging walls
Walls must be smooth and flat
Internal line angles must be sharp
Internal form includes an initial depth into dentin ranging
from 0.5 mm from DEJ in class I and 0.75mm from
cementum in class V

CONVENIENCE FORM:
Requires suitable access and dry field provided by
rubber dam.
Access may additionally require the use of gingival
retraction for class V restoration, separators to provide
a minimum amount of separation for class III restoration
Sharp internal line and point angles are created in
dentin to allow convenient starting gold foil as
compaction begins. Round form is permitted when e.z
gold to begin the restorative phase.

Class I cavity preparation

The margin outline form of the class I cavity
Preparation extends to include the lesion on the
tooth surface treated as well as fissured
enamel .
Limit the depth to 0.5 mm pulpally to DEJ
Out line for small pit defect simple circular
fissure defect- oblong, or triangular or more
extensive form

Cavity margins are placed out of depth of pit and

fissure
All non coalescent enamel structural defects are
removed
External wall of preparation are parallel to each other
In extensive occlusal preparation -Mesio-distal walls
are divergent
Pulpal wall- uniform depth, parallel with the plane of
surface treated,0.5mm into dentin, meets the external
wall at slightly rounded angle

Under cut- placed in dentin ,acts as

retentive feature, placed on facial
and lingual surface of posterior
tooth, incisal and gingival surface of
incisors at the level of pulpal floor.
Cavosurface bevel- slight CSB is
placed (to create 30-40 metal at the
margins for easy finishing of gold
and to remove rough enamel, bevel
is not greater then 0.2mm in width
and placed with white rotary stone
or suitable finishing bur

KEY POINTS IN RESTORATION

Condenser nib as to step entire increment twice
(every increment)
Edge is built up first than center portion
In the first step of condensation malleting force is not
used ,(1st step place gold and stabilize it and spread
it over surface)
Gold always has to be present in between
condenser face and cavosurface margin
Slightly more gold is placed at the surface because
of polishing procedure

DESIGN OF TOOTH PREPRATION

(CLASS V)
(trapezoidal)
Occlusal wall
Mesial wall

Distal wall
Axial wall

Gingival wall

Restoration Of Class I Cavity

With DFG

CONTOURING AND FINISHING

Coarse grits inverted cone stone
Multi fluted round bur (no 2,4,6)
Flat beaver tail burnisher
Cleoid discoid carver-burnishing, remove excess gold on csm
Green stone-to remove excess
Direction of rotation of stone from gold to enamel
Hand instrument are preferred

POLISHING
Pumice and tin oxide powder applied to dry web less, soft
rubber cups with low speed and light pressure is used