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PRE-ASSESSMENT
(Anticipation-Reaction Guide)
Before
Questions
Which measure of central tendency is generally
used in determining the size of the most saleable
shoes in a department store?
What is the most reliable measure of variability?
Which measure of central tendency is greatly
affected by extreme scores?
Margie has grades 86, 68, and 79 in her first three
tests in Algebra. What grade must she obtain on
the 4th test to get an average of 78?
What is the median age of a group of employees
whose ages are 36, 38, 24, 21, and 27?
If the range of a set of scores is 14 and the lowest
score is 7, what is the highest score?
What is the standard deviation of the scores 5, 4,
3, 6, and 2?
After
The Situation
You are one of the winners in a contest where the
prizes are gift certificates from the famous stores in
the city. The sponsors are the following:
BENCH
PENSHOPPE
FOLDED & HUNG
SM DEPARTMENT STORE
You are to choose only one store. Which among the
four stores will you choose?
The Mode
The mode is the value or element which
occurs most frequently in a set of data. It is
the value or element with the greatest
frequency. Mode can be quantitative or
qualitative. To find the mode for a set of data:
1. select the measure that appears most often in
the set;
2. if two or more measures appear the same
number of
times, then each of these values is a
mode;
3. if every measure appears the same number of
times, then the set of data has no mode.
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
13
27
15
15
30
Questions:
1. What is the total number of cups of ice cream sold
during the whole week?
2. If Pinklace will be able to sell same number of cups of ice
cream each day, how many will it be?
The Mean
The mean (also known as arithmetic
mean) is the most commonly used
measure of central position. It is used
to describe a set of data where the
measures cluster or concentrate at a
point. As the measures cluster around
each other, a single value appears to
represent distinctively the typical
value.
where
and
Lets practice
The grades in Geometry of 10 students are
87, 84, 85, 85, 86, 90, 79, 82, 78, 76. What is
the average grade of 10 students?
Solution:
Mean(
Lets Practice.
WORK IN PAIRS
The first three test scores of each of the four
students are shown. Each student hopes to
maintain an average of 85. Find the score needed
by each student on the fourth test to have an
average of 85, or explain why such average is not
possible.
82
a. Lisa: 78, 80, 100
b. Mary: 90, 92, 95
c. Lina: 79, 80, 81
d. Willie: 65, 80, 80
63
100
115
Whos
Representing
?
The situation
Sonyas
Kitchen
received
an
invitation in a Food Exposition. All the
seven service crew are eager to go but
only one can represent the restaurant.
To be fair, Sonya thought of sending
the crew whose age is in the middle of
the ages of the seven crews.
Guide Questions:
Service Crew
Michelle
Sheryl
Karen
Mark
Jason
Oliver
Eliza
47
21
20
19
18
18
Age
1. Arrange
2.
3.
4.
5.
18
6.
the
ages in numerical
order.
What is the middle value?
Is there a crew with this
representative age?
How many crew are younger
than this age? Older than this
age?
Compare the result with the
previous activity. Which result do
you think is a better basis of
choosing the representative?
Who is now the representative
of Sonyas Kitchen in the Food
Fair?
The Median
The median is the middlemost value
or term in a set of data arranged
according to size/magnitude (either
increasing or decreasing). If the
number of values is even, the median
is the average of the two middlemost
values.
Lets practice
Andreas scores in 9 quizzes during the first
quarter are 8, 7, 6, 10, 9, 5, 9, 6, and 10. Find
the median.
Solution
Arrange the scores in increasing
order.
5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10
The median is
8.
1.
2.
3.
1. Mean = 34.
4, 14, 29, 44, 46, 52, 55
86
Median = 44
Mode = none
42, 49, 49, 49, 49
2. Mean = 47.6
Median = 49
Mode = 49
22, 34, 34, 34, 45, 61
3. Mean = 38.33
Median = 34
Mode = 34
Continuation
4. In January of 2006, your family moved to a tropical
climate. For the year that followed, you recorded the
number of rainy days that occurred each month. Your
data contained 14, 14, 10, 12, 11, 13, 11, 11, 14, 10, 13,
12.
a. Find the mean, mode, and the median for your data
set of rainy days.
b. If the number of rainy days doubles each month in
the year 2007, what will be the mean, mode,
median?
c. If, instead, there are three more rainy days per
month in the year 2007, what will be the mean, mode,
median?
Continuation
5. The values of 11 houses on Washington Street
The situation
A testing laboratory wishes to test
two experimental brands of outdoor
paint to see how long each paint will
last before fading. The testing lab
makes use of six gallons of paint for
each brand name to test.
10 60 50 30 40 20
35 45 30 35 40 25
Guide Questions:
1. What is the mean score of each brand?
2. Can the mean of each brand be a good basis for
comparing them?
3. Which brand has results closer to the mean?
4. If you are to choose from these two brands, which
would you prefer? Why?
The Range
Brand A:
10 60 50 30 40 20
Largest Value = 60
Smallest Value = 10
RANGE = Largest Value Smallest Value
= 60 10
= 50
Brand B:
35
45
Largest Value = 45
30
35
40
25
Smallest Value = 25
Questions:
1. What is the mean wage of each group of workers?
2. What is the range of wages of each group of workers?
3. For this case, are you convinced that the group with lower range
has more consistent wages?
where
mean () =
2. Find the absolute difference between each score and
the mean.
= 49
400
469
-69
69
450
469
-19
19
520
469
51
51
380
469
-89
89
482
469
13
13
495
469
26
26
575
469
106
106
450
469
-19
19
Total
392
mean () =
2. Find the absolute difference between each score and
the mean.
Lower Average
Deviation means
more consistent
scores.
450
469
-19
19
460
469
-9
462
469
-7
480
469
11
11
450
469
-19
19
450
469
-19
19
400
469
-69
69
600
469
131
131
Total
284
Its the
standard
deviation.
Then what
measure of
variability is the
most reliable?
Compute
the standard deviation of the set of
test scores:
1. Find the
mean.
39
22
17
289
10
22
-12
144
24
22
16
22
-6
36
19
22
-3
26
22
16
29
22
49
30
22
64
22
-17
289
SUM 900
What does a
standard
deviation of 10
imply?
Thats correct!
Lower standard deviation
shows more consistent
scores.
Lets practice
Compare the standard deviation of the scores
of the three students in their Mathematics
quizzes.
Student
Mathematics Quizzes
Anticipation-Reaction Guide
Before
Questions
Which measure of central tendency is generally
used in determining the size of the most saleable
shoes in a department store?
What is the most reliable measure of variability?
Which measure of central tendency is greatly
affected by extreme scores?
Margie has grades 86, 68, and 79 in her first three
tests in Algebra. What grade must she obtain on
the 4th test to get an average of 78?
What is the median age of a group of employees
whose ages are 36, 38, 24, 21, and 27?
If the range of a set of scores is 14 and the lowest
score is 7, what is the highest score?
What is the standard deviation of the scores 5, 4,
3, 6, and 2?
After
GROUPED
DATA
Organizing data
STEM-LEAF DIAGRAM
First
digits
(stem)
7
8
9
Grades
Frequency
70-79
18
80-89
33
90-99
21
GROUPED
DATA
2.
3.
4.
5.
First
digits
(stem)
(0-4)
(5-9)
(0-4)
(5-9)
(0-4)
(5-9)
Grades
Frequency
70
75
80
85
90
95
1
17
18
15
16
5
74
79
84
89
94
99
the
Score
Frequency )
1
2
3
4
5
6
TOTAL
2
3
5
1
2
4
80
85
90
95
100
84
89
94
99
104
TOTAL
Frequenc
y
Class
Mark
2
8
11
3
1
Classes
Cumulative Position
Frequency of the
()
Data
14
16
16
1 16
58
9 12
20
28
36
64
17 36
37 64
13 16
17 20
21 24
24
16
88
104
11
5
115
120
65 88
89 104
105 115
25 28
TOTAL
120
116 120
Mode
RANGE
100 199
200 299
300 399
400 499
10
30
20
AVERAGE DEVIATION
Example: Calculate the mean deviation for the
30 marathon times in the grouped distribution
as follows:
Time
(min)
Frequency
128130
131133
134136
137139
140142
143145
12
Class Mark
(CM)
Frequency
(min)
128 130
129
387
131 133
130
132
134 136
135
540
137 139
138
414
140 142
141
987
143 145
144
12
1728
30
4188 min
Sum
min
Time
(min)
Frequenc
y
f
f CM
128-130 129
387
10.6
31.8
131-133 132
132
7.6
7.6
134-136 135
540
4.6
18.4
137-139 138
414
1.6
4.8
140-142 141
143-145 144
7
12
987
1728
1.4
4.4
9.8
52.8
30
4188
Class
Mark
(CM)
125.2 min
Mid-class value,
Frequency,
40-44
42
42
1764
45-49
47
329
15463
50-54
52
12
624
32448
55-59
57
24
1368
77976
60-64
62
29
1798
111476
65-69
67
14
938
62846
70-74
72
360
25920
75-79
77
231
17787
95
5690
345680
SUM
THANK
YOU!