Teknik Kimia UB

Teknik Material
Vivi Nurhadianty, ST., MT

TEKNIK MATERIAL
PERKULIAHAN
(3 SKS)
1. Tugas 20 %
2. Quis

40 %

3. UAS

40 %

PUSTAKA
1. Malcom P. Steven. Polymer Chemistry. An
Introduction, Oxford University Press Inc.
2. Pengetahuan Bahan, Tata Surdia dan
Shinroku Saito, Pradnya Paramita,
1995
3. Principle of Materials Science and
Engineering, William F. Smith, Mc
Graw Hill, 1996

Jenis Material
Logam
Kuat, ulet, mudah dibentuk dan bersifat
penghantar panas dan listrik yang baik
Keramik
Keras, getas dan penghantar panas dan listrik
yang buruk
Polimer
kerapatan rendah, penghantar panas dan listrik
buruk dan mudah dibentuk
Komposit
merupakan ganbungan dari dua bahan atau lebih
yang masing-masing sifat tetap

Logam

Keramik

Polimer

Komposit

Pokok Bahasan

Introduction
The early history of polymers
The development of plastic
products

Plastics Processing

The structure of polymers

Modifying polymers

BioBased Material

Polymers: Introduction
Polymer: High molecular weight molecule made up of a
small repeat unit (monomer).
A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A
Monomer: Low molecular weight compound that can be
connected together to give a polymer
Copolymer: polymer made up of 2 or more monomers
Random copolymer: A-B-B-A-A-B-A-B-A-B-B-B-A-A-B
Alternating copolymer: A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B
Block copolymer: A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B

Polymers: Introduction

Polymers: Introduction

Klasifikasi

Natural plastic
Semi synthetic plastic
Synthetic Plastic

Klasifikasi

Polymer

History

1839 First deliberate chemical modification of a natural polymer

produces vulcanised rubber.
1854 Shellac mixed with wood flour patented in USA as moulding
material for making union cases, protective frames.
1855 Soccer ball with vulcanised rubber panels, glued at the
seams,
designed and produced by Charles Goodyear.
1861-87 Queen Victorias mourning for the Prince Consort fuels
the
production of imitation jet mourning jewellery in such materials
as cellulose nitrate, hard rubber and horn.
1862 A range of toiletry and household objects, some imitating
the
appearance of tortoiseshell and ivory, made of an early form of
cellulose nitrate

History

1938 First toothbrush with plastic tufts manufactured. The

tufts were made of nylon (polyamide).
Introduction of plastic contact lenses. The lenses were made
of acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate).
1939 First polythene factory opens in Britain. Polythene
plays a crucialrole in the insulation of British radar cables
during World War II.
1947 First acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate) paint (dissolved
in turpentine) becomes available. Appreciated by artists such
as Roy Lichtenstein for its intensity and rapid drying
properties.
1950 Tupperware, with flexible seals made possible by the
invention of polythene, patented in the USA.
1951 First polythene bottle made by Sqezy.
1953 Commercialisation of polyester fibre introduces the
concept of wash and wear for fabrics.
Chevrolet Corvette, the first mass-produced car with a glass
reinforced plastic chassis, begins manufacture.
1954 Synthesis of polypropylene.

History
Early 1960s Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate)
paint (diluted with water)comes on market
1977 PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) drinks
bottle introduced.
1994 Smart car with lightweight flexible integrally
coloured polycarbonate panels introduced.

Struktur polimer
Crystalline

Amorph

Common Polyolefins
Monomer
Ethylene

CH3
Propylene
Ph
Styrene

Polymer
Polyethylene

Polypropylene

Polystyrene

CH3

H3C

Vinyl Chloride
F2C CF2
Tetrafluoroethylene

CH3

CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

Ph

Ph

Ph

Ph

Cl
Poly(vinyl chloride)

Repeat unit

Cl

F3C
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene): Teflon

Cl
F2
C

C
F2

Cl
F2
C

C
F2

Cl
F2
C

C
F2

CH3

Ph

F2
C

Ph

Ph
CH3

Cl

C
nF
2

Cl
F2
C

C
F2

Cl
F2
C

C
F2

CF3

What Makes Polymers Unique?

Really big molecules (macromolecules) like
polymers have very different properties than small
molecules
Chain entanglement: Long
polymer chains get entangled
with each other.
When the polymer is melted, the
chains can flow past each other.
Below the melting point, the chains
can move, but only slowly. Thus the
plastic is flexible, but cannot be
easily stretched.
Below the glass transition point, the
chains become locked and the
polymer is rigid

Physical Properties
Linear Polymer

Stretch

The chains can be stretched, which causes

them to flow past each other. When released,
the polymer will not return to its original form.

Cross-Linked Polymer

Stretch

Relax

The cross-links hold the chains together.

When released, the polymer will return to it's
original form.

Sifat bahan Polimer

Dapat dibentuk pada temperatur yang
relatif rendah dibandingkan bahan
logam atau keramik.
Berat jenis lebih rendah dibandingkan
logam dan keramik yaitu 1 -1,7 g/cc.
sehingga bahan lebih ringan
Isolator yang baik
Kurang tahan terhadap panas dan
pelarut

density
Selain keringanan bahan, densitas juga mempengaruhi
harga suatu bahan. Polietilene dan polipropilen memiliki
masa jenis yang lebih kecil atau mendekati densitas air,
yang memungkinkan bahan dapat terapung

Pada nilon, poliester, polipropilen, polietylene,

mengandung kristal sehingga densitas lebih tinggi

Sifat mekanik
Bersifat viskoelastis, sehingga dapat
mengalami pemelaran dan relaksasi
tegangan.
Apabila diregangkan secara perlahan
bahan menjadi panjang dan tipis,
namun bila direnggangkan secara cepat
maka bahan akan patah
Sangat berubah terhadap temperatur
Apabila dicelupkan pada minyak,
surfaktan, pelarut dst, beberapa bahan
bertahan dalam waktu singkat.

Kekuatan Tarik

Kekuatan tarik adalah salah satu sifat

dasar dari bahan. Hubungan tegangan
dan regangan tergantung pada :
Pengaruh temperature
bila T naik kekuatan tarik turun
Pengaruh kelembaban
Kadar air naik kekuatan tarik turun
Pengaruh laju Tegangan
makin tinggi laju tegang makin besar
beban patah

Sifat Pada Penekanan

Beban tekan berkebalikan dengan beban tarik.
Umumnya kekuatan tekan lebih besar
daripada kekuatan tarik dan modulus elastik
untuk tekan lebih besar dari pada untuk tarik
Modulus elastis diperoleh dari tegangan tekan
dibagi penyusutan
Tegangan tekan adalah beban tekan (P) per
luas penampang (A)

Next
TAHAPAN REAKSI POLIMER