G

N
I
N
N
PL A
SUBMITED BY:Mayank kumar
012
Himanshi Chawla
125
Renu
413
Binni kain
399
Jaishree saini
007

Planning is the process of deciding

in advance what is to be done,
who is to do it, how it is to be
done and when it is to be done

NATURE OF PLANNING

Intellectual activity
Selection among alternatives
Forward looking
Related to objectives
Basic activity
Pervasive

SIGNIFICANE OF PLANNING

Focuses on objectives
Ensures economical operation
Reduces uncertainity
Facilitates control
Encourages innovation and
creativity
Improves motivation
Improves competitive strength
Facilitates coordination

TYPES OF

ORGANISATIONAL
LEVEL
FOCUS
TIME PERIOD

LEVELS OF
PLANNING
CORPORATE
PLANNING
(TOP LEVEL)

DIVISIONAL
PLANNING
(MIDDLE
LEVEL)

SECTIONAL
PLANNING
(LOWER
LEVEL)

1. CORPORATE PLANNING
Systematic and comprehensive process of
planning taking into account resources,
capability and environment
Strategic in nature
Covers a period of five years or more
Formulated by top managers

2. DIVISIONAL PLANNING
Relates a particular division or department
Sets objectives, policies and programmes of
a particular division
Responsibility of divisional head and middle
level managers

3. SECTIONAL PLANNING
Specific, done to achieve divisional
objectives
Focus is to lay down detailed plans for a
particular unit
Responsibility of first line managers
More specific and detailed

FOCUS OF
PLANNING
OPERATION
STRATEGIC
AL
PLANNING
PLANNING

TACTICAL
PLANNING

1. STRATEGIC PLANNING
Process of deciding
the objectives and
manner of
deployment of
resources
Involves multilateral
relationships
Made by top
management of the
firm

2. OPERATIONAL PLANNING
Concerned with
efficient use of
resources
Lays down
programmes,
budgets,
policies etc. to
implement
strategic plan
More specific
than a strategic
plan

3. TACTICAL PLANNING
Made for short
term moves for
supporting
strategic plans
Required to
meet sudden
changes in
environmental
factors
Nature of a
tactical plan
dictated by the

TIME SPAN OF
PLANNING
LONGRANGE
PLANNING

MEDIUMRANGE
PLANNING

SHORTRANGE
PLANNING

1. LONG-RANGE PLANNING

Process of
establishing long-term
goals
Generally covers a
period ranging from 520 years
Purposetechnological
leadership, increase in
market share etc.
Involvement of great
uncertainty
Success determined

2. MEDIUM-RANGE PLANNING
Support the longterm plans
Relates to
development of
new products,
product publicity
etc.
Covers a period
of more than one
year but less
than five years

SHORT-TERM PLANNING

Made to achieve short-term goals

Generally relates to a period of upto one
year
Concerned more with current or near future
operations
Instrumental in implementing
long-term plans
Related to change of product
design, training of workforce
etc.
Action-oriented and is the
reasonability of lower level
managers

FORMAL AND INFORMAL

PLANNING