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Plant Form and Physiology > Leaves
Leaves
Leaf Structure and Arrangment
Types of Leaf Forms
Leaf Structure, Function, and Adaptation
www.www/boundless.com/biology?campaign_content=book_1514_section_181&campaign_term=Biology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium
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Appendix
Plant Form and Physiology
Key terms
compound leaf a leaf where the blade is divided, forming leaflets
cuticle a noncellular protective covering outside the epidermis of many invertebrates and plants
lamina the flat part of a leaf; the blade, which is the widest part of the leaf
mesophyll the inner tissue (parenchyma) of a leaf, containing many chloroplasts.
palmately compound leaf leaf that has its leaflets radiating outwards from the end of the petiole
petiole stalk that extends from the stem to the base of the leaf
pinnately compound leaf a leaf where the leaflets are arranged along the middle vein
simple leaf a leaf with an undivided blade
stipule small green appendage usually found at the base of the petiole
trichome a hair- or scale-like extension of the epidermis of a plant
Venation patterns
(a) Tulip (Tulipa), a monocot, has leaves with parallel venation. (b) The netlike venation in this linden (Tilia cordata) leaf distinguishes it as a dicot. (c)
The Ginkgo biloba tree has dichotomous venation.
OpenStax CNX. "OpenStax College, Leaves. October 17, 2013." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44706/latest/Figure_30_04_02abc.jpg View on Boundless.com
Parts of a leaf
A leaf may seem simple in appearance, but it is a highly-efficient structure. Petioles, stipules, veins, and a midrib are all essential structures of a leaf.
OpenStax CNX. "OpenStax College, Leaves. October 17, 2013." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44706/latest/Figure_30_04_01.jpg View on Boundless.com
Simple and compound leaves

Leaves may be simple or compound. In simple leaves, the lamina is continuous. (a) The banana plant (Musa sp.) has simple leaves. In compound
leaves, the lamina is separated into leaflets. Compound leaves may be palmate or pinnate. (b) In palmately compound leaves, such as those of the
horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), the leaflets branch from the petiole. (c) In pinnately compound leaves, the leaflets branch from the midrib, as
on a scrub hickory (Carya floridana). (d) The honey locust has double compound leaves, in which leaflets branch from the veins.
Mesophyll
(a) (top) The central mesophyll is sandwiched between an upper and lower epidermis. The mesophyll has two layers: an upper palisade layer and a
lower spongy layer. Stomata on the leaf underside allow gas exchange. A waxy cuticle covers all aerial surfaces of land plants to minimize water loss. (b)
(bottom) These leaf layers are clearly visible in the scanning electron micrograph. The numerous small bumps in the palisade parenchyma cells are
chloroplasts. The bumps protruding from the lower surface of the leaf are glandular trichomes.
Xylem and phloem

This scanning electron micrograph shows xylem and phloem in the leaf vascular bundle.
Trichomes
Trichomes give leaves a fuzzy appearance as in this (a) sundew (Drosera sp.). Leaf trichomes include (b) branched trichomes on the leaf of Arabidopsis
lyrata and (c) multibranched trichomes on a mature Quercus marilandica leaf.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a basic leaf structure?
A) is directly attached to the stem and contains petioles
B) either has petioles or stipules
C) all of these answers
D) contains a lamina and a midrib
Which of the following is a characteristic of a basic leaf structure?
A) is directly attached to the stem and contains petioles
B) either has petioles or stipules
C) all of these answers
D) contains a lamina and a midrib
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Which of the following describes the difference between simple

and compound leaves?
A) Simple leaves have two leaflets, while compound leaves have three or
more leaflets.
B) Laminas of simple leaves are undivided, while laminas of compound
leaves form lobes.
C) Laminas of simple leaves are undivided, while laminas of compound
leaves are divided into leaflets.
D) Simple leaves are only found in small plants, while compound leaves
are found in trees.
Which of the following describes the difference between simple

and compound leaves?
A) Simple leaves have two leaflets, while compound leaves have three or
more leaflets.
B) Laminas of simple leaves are undivided, while laminas of compound
leaves form lobes.
C) Laminas of simple leaves are undivided, while laminas of compound
leaves are divided into leaflets.
D) Simple leaves are only found in small plants, while compound leaves
are found in trees.
Which of the following describes the function of the phloem?
A) stores toxic compounds in leaf storage
B) transports photosynthetic products
C) reduces the rate of transpiration
D) helps plant float in water
Which of the following describes the function of the phloem?
A) stores toxic compounds in leaf storage
B) transports photosynthetic products
C) reduces the rate of transpiration
D) helps plant float in water
Attribution
OpenStax CNX. "OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013." CC BY 3.0
http://cnx.org/content/m44706/latest/?collection=col11448/latest
Wiktionary. "lamina." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lamina
Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//biology/definition/stipule
Wiktionary. "petiole." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/petiole
Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//biology/definition/simple-leaf
Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//biology/definition/compound-leaf
Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//biology/definition/palmately-compound-leaf
Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//biology/definition/pinnately-compound-leaf
Wikipedia. "Leaf." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf#Basic_types
Wiktionary. "cuticle." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cuticle
Wiktionary. "trichome." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trichome
Wikipedia. "mesophyll." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mesophyll

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Plant Form and Physiology > Leaves

Plant Form and Physiology

Plant Form and Physiology

Plant Form and Physiology

Plant Form and Physiology

Simple and compound leaves

Plant Form and Physiology

Plant Form and Physiology

Xylem and phloem

Plant Form and Physiology

Plant Form and Physiology

Which of the following is a characteristic of a basic leaf structure?

A) is directly attached to the stem and contains petioles

B) either has petioles or stipules

C) all of these answers

D) contains a lamina and a midrib

Plant Form and Physiology

Which of the following is a characteristic of a basic leaf structure?

A) is directly attached to the stem and contains petioles

B) either has petioles or stipules

C) all of these answers

D) contains a lamina and a midrib

Plant Form and Physiology

Which of the following describes the difference between simple

Plant Form and Physiology

Which of the following describes the difference between simple

Plant Form and Physiology

Which of the following describes the function of the phloem?

A) stores toxic compounds in leaf storage

B) transports photosynthetic products

C) reduces the rate of transpiration

D) helps plant float in water

Plant Form and Physiology

Which of the following describes the function of the phloem?

A) stores toxic compounds in leaf storage

B) transports photosynthetic products

C) reduces the rate of transpiration

D) helps plant float in water

Plant Form and Physiology

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