AN OVERVIEW OF

MASSIVE MIMO
Under the guidance of:
Mrs D.Vijayalakshmi
Assistant Professor,
Department of ECE,

Presented By :
Syeda thasnim fathima
Mtech, 2nd Sem
Digital electronics &
Communication

Date: 21-04-2016

Contents
Introduction
MIMO
Massive MIMO
Considerations
Pilot contamination
Energy Efficiency
Some Applications
Massive MIMO in future
Conclusion
References

MIMO
MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT (MIMO) is
anantenna technology for wireless communications in
which multiple antennas are used at both the source
(transmitter) and the destination (receiver)
The antennas at each end of the communications circuit
are combined to minimize errors and optimize data
speed
MIMO is one of several forms of smart antenna
technology
In the single antenna devices, due to the limited
Bandwidth, a phone tower could transmit to a limited
number of users so increasing speed is a tricky business

 In digital communications systems such as

wireless Internet, it can cause a reduction in data
speed and an increase in the number of errors.
The use of two or more antennas, along with the
transmission of multiple signals (one for each
antenna), eliminates the trouble caused by
multipath wave propagation, and can even take
advantage of this effect
MIMO is currently used in many wireless standards

 First evolution was Point-to point MIMO communicationcommunications between base stations
Focused is shifted to multiple user MIMO Base station has
multiple antenna
The users have a single antenna so cost is only increased in
the base station
Uses of MU-MIMO include
802.11(WiFi)
802.16(WIMAX)
LTE(Long term evolution)
digital television (DTV)
wireless local area networks (WLANs)
metropolitan area networks (MANs)
mobile communications

Massive MIMO
Massive MIMO(also known asLarge-Scale Antenna
Systems,Very Large MIMO,Hyper MIMO,Full-Dimension
MIMOandARGOS)
It makes a clean break with current practice through the use of a
very large number of service antennas (e.g., hundreds or
thousands) that are operated fully coherently and adaptively.
Extra antennas help by focusing the transmission and reception
of signal energy into ever-smaller regions of space.
This brings huge improvements in throughput and energy
efficiency, in particularly when combined with simultaneous
scheduling of a large number of user terminals (e.g., tens or
hundreds).
Massive MIMO was originally envisioned for time division duplex
(TDD) operation, but can potentially be applied also in frequency
division duplex (FDD) operation.

Benefits of Massive MIMO

include
Uses inexpensive low-power components
Reduced latency
Simplification of MAC layer
Robustness to interference and intentional
jamming

Point to point MIMO

Multi-user MIMO

 CONSIDERATIONS:
Infrastructure
Channel Estimation: TDD and FDD Modes-Sending CSI
Signal Detection: Low complexity MF,ZF, MMSE
detectors are used
Modulation-OFDM
Pilot Contamination
Antenna Arrays-mutual coupling and cost

Pilot Contamination:

Energy Efficiency:
Energy efficiency is the ratio of spectral efficiency
and transmit power

Applications:
MAS-WE
CELLULAR BASE STATION
MIMO RADAR

Massive Antenna Systems

for Wireless
Entrance (MASWE):
The MAS-WE provides easy Wi-Fi access through
Relay Stations
MAS-WE is a self sustainable wireless
infrastructure which is equipped with solar cells
and batteries
So no need of wired connection and wired power
supply.
The MAS-WE is very useful in case of natural
calamities like earth quakes, floods etc. and to the
remote locations like villages.

Cellular Base Station

Centralized BS cooperation based LS-MIMO

cellular network

 MIMO Centralized and distributed BS cooperation

based multi-cell multiuser based LS-MIMO
systems

 This may be achieved by centralized/distributed BS

cooperation, where multiple BSs of adjacent cells may be
connected via high-capacity optic fiber or microwave
links,
As a result, effectively a physical/ virtual super-BS is
constructed to serve the cluster of collaborative cells,
and this physical/virtual centralized model provides the
performance upper bound of the original distributed
system model.

As far as detection is concerned, in principle most of the

detection algorithms developed for the single-cell/no
cooperative multi-cell scenarios may be adapted to the
uplink of the cooperative multi-cell LS-MIMO system.

Massive MIMO in
RADAR
It may be used to track the moving objects like
aeroplanes.
Since the performance of the MIMO is less
sensitive to environmental conditions the tracking
of aeroplanes
During landings tracking can be done easily even
in the drastic conditions of environment and
natural calamities.

Massive MIMO in future

wireless communications:
1.Heterogeneous networks
2.Millimeter Waves

Heterogeneous
Networks
Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) have low-cost
small cells are flexibly deployed in order to
provide dense coverage

The use of Massive MIMO in coordination with

HetNets in order to provide improved interference
management and energy efficiency

Millimeter Waves
MILLIMETER WAVE (MMW) band around or above 30 GHz,
where the spectrum is less crowded and available
bandwidths are broader
MMW technology fits well with Massive MIMO and HetNet
technology
Smaller cell sizes are needed for operation at MMW
frequencies where RF path loss is significantly higher
The shorter wavelength associated with higher
frequencies is appealing for Massive MIMO designs since
the size of the antenna array and associated electronics is
reduced

Conclusion:
By equipping a BS with a large number of
antennas, spectral and energy efficiency can be
dramatically improved.
However, to make the benefits of Massive MIMO a
reality, significant additional research is needed
on a number of issues, including channel
correlation, hardware implementations and
impairments, interference management, and
modulation.

REFERENCES:
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TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 8, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2014
[2].Fifty Years of MIMO Detection: The Road to Large-Scale MIMOs Shaoshi Yang, Member, IEEE
and Lajos Hanzo, Fellow, IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, 2015
[3]. Energy Efficiency Comparison of Massive MIMO and Small Cell Network, IEEE 2014 massive
mimo communications
[4]. Non cooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 9, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2010
[5]. A Novel Application of Massive MIMO: Massive Antenna Systems for Wireless Entrance (MASWE) IEEE 2015 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC),
Workshop on Computing, Networking and Communications (CNC)
[6]. Energy Efficiency of Co-polarized and Space-polarization MIMO Architectures in Packet-based
Communication Systems 2013 IEEE Military Communications Conference
[7]. Massive MIMO or Small Cell Network: Who is More Energy Efficient? 2013 IEEE WCNC
Workshop on Future green end to end wireless network
[8]. Downlink User Capacity of Massive MIMO Under Pilot Contamination Juei-Chin Shen, Member,
IEEE, Jun Zhang, Member, IEEE, and Khaled B. Letaief, Fellow, IEEE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 14, NO. 6, JUNE 2015

 [9].Massive MIMO Performance Evaluation Based on Measured

Propagation Data Xiang Gao, Ove Edfors, Fredrik Rusek, and Fredrik
Tufvesson IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 14, NO. 7, JULY 2015
[10]. Deployment and Implementation Strategies for Massive MIMO in
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[11]. Requirements of Power Amplifier on Super High Bit Rate Massive
MIMO OFDM Transmission Using Higher Frequency Bands IEEE2014
Mobile communications in higher frequency bands
[12] Joint Fixed Beamforming and Eigenmode Precoding for Super High
Bit Rate Massive MIMO Systems Using Higher Frequency Bands 2014
IEEE 25th international symposium on personal, Indooor and mobile
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THANK
YOU