Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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Agricultural
productivity
Increased trade
Improved
transportation
Formation of
merchant
th
th
10
organization
Century
Freer government
policies
?
What did /
did not
happen?
Lack of
fully
persuasiv
e
interpreta
tion
Sustained
economic
growth
Rising
standards of
th
living 20th
Century
extended arable
division of labor & specialization
increased inputs of labor & capital
technological improvements
Product specialization
Factor market (sale & rental of land)
Labor market (short & long-term)
Credit market (in order to produce & expand)
Fruits
Paper
Grains
Geographic development in
China
Market expansion: mostly along the coast &
rivers (Yanzi, Pearl); less in the northern half
of China
Geographic limits visible in hill lands
(less fertile lands less productivity)
Europe:
Industrious revolution (term coined by De Vries)
people trade in leisure for money increased labor
China:
Involution
increased market production, without per capita growth
growth without development
Conclusion
Both positive and negative forces of Smith and Malthus were present
in Europe as well as in China
Harvest insecurities and material limitations were experienced by
both Europe and China similar economic cycles
Both have struggled with economic & demographic crisis
Similar population-resource ratio can be observed
Questions?