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ROCKET
PROPULSION
INTRODUCTION
Rockets in which thrust is provided by the
CLASSIFICATION
TYPE OF PROPELLANTS:
SOLID PROPELLANT
ENGINE REQUIREMENTS
LIQUID
GASEOUS
HYBRID
Total impulse
Number of restarts
Engine mass, size etc.
LIQUID PROPULSION
SYSTEM
PARTS:
Tanks
Piping and feed mechanism
Pressurization systems
Valves and pumps
Combustor
nozzle
FEED MECHANISM
Pump feed system
Gas pressure feed system
FUNCTIONS
Rise pressure of
propellant
Feed to thrust chamber
FUNCTIONS
Fuel metered
Injected
Atomized
Mixed
Burned to hot gases
Expelled through nozzle
PROPELLANTS
They are the working substance of rocket engines, constitute
and
fuel
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
PROPELLANT
Bipropellant
and a fuel.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
PROPELLANT
Storable propellants
-liquid at ambient
temperature and can be stored for long periods
Space storable Propellant
-remains as liquid in
the environment of space, the storability depends on
the specific tank design, thermal conditions, and tank
pressure.
halogenated oxidizers.
Gelled propellant
MIXTURE RATIO
PROPELLANT FEED
SYSTEMS
Two principal functions
to raise the pressure of the propellants
to feed them to one or more thrust chambers.
Parts
1. Piping
2. Series of valves
3. Provision for filling and removing
4. Control devices to initiate, stop
and regulate flow & operation
APPLICATION:
OMS (ORBITAL MANEUVER SYSTEM)
RCS (REACTION CONTROL SYSTEM)
tanks.
Pressurized by pumps before injection into the thrust chamber
Pumps are driven by Electric motors, Batteries or Turbines that
boost inlet pressure for two main turbo pumps. Propellants are
fed into combustor at pressures of 440 atm or higher.
Difference between injection pressure (440 atm) and chamber
propellant tanks
Provide Control:
Sensor to measure temp., pressure, valve position, throttle etc.
Fault detection, identification and automatic remedy (shut-off &
isolation valves)
High tank expulsion with minimum residual or unavailable propellant.