Opening the doors to

INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

What is Information
Technology?
Information Technology is the application
of computers and telecommunications

equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and

manipulate data, often in the context of a
business or other enterprise.

1)Tanecia Allen

The Evolution of Information

Technology

Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the
form of a tally stick.The Antikythera mechanism, dating from about the beginning of the first
century BC, is generally considered to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer,
and the earliest known geared mechanism.Comparable geared devices did not emerge in
Europe until the 16th century,and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator
capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed.
2)Brittanie Atkinson

Electronic computers, using either relays or valves, began to appear in the early 1940s. The
electromechanical Zuse Z3, completed in 1941, was the world's first programmable computer,
and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete
computing machine. Colossus, developed during the Second World War to decrypt German
messages was the first electronic digital computer. Although it was programmable, it was not
general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. It also lacked the ability to
store its program in memory; programming was carried out using plugs and switches to alter
the internal wiring.The first recognisably modern electronic digital stored-program computer
was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine , which ran its first program on 21
June 1948.
3)Mariah Brown

The development of transistors in the late 1940s at Bell Laboratories allowed a new
generation of computers to be designed with greatly reduced power consumption. The first
commercially available stored-program computer, the Ferranti Mark I, contained 4050 valves
and had a power consumption of 25 kilowatts. By comparison the first transistorised
computer, developed at the University of Manchester and operational by November 1953,
consumed only 150 watts in its final version
4)Krysann McFarlane

Ages in Information
Technology

Premechanical

The premechanical age is the earliest age

of information technology. It can be
defined as the time between 3000B.C. and
1450A.D. We are talking about a long time
ago. When humans first started
communicating they would try to use
language or simple picture drawings
known as petroglyths which were usually
carved in rock.
5) Adrianna Hunt

Pictures of Petroglyths

Mechanical
The mechanical age is when we first start to see
connections between our current technology and its
ancestors. The mechanical age can be defined as the
time between 1450 and 1840. A lot of new technologies
are developed in this era as there is a large explosion in
interest with this area.
6)Ascean Reid

Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline which was a very

popular mechanical computer. Charles Babbage
developed the difference engine which tabulated
polynomial equations using the method of finite
differences.
7)Alesha Lindner

Pictures of a Pascaline and the

difference engine
Pascaline

Difference engine

Electromechanical
Now we are finally getting close to some
technologies that resemble our modern-day
technology. The electromechanical age can be
defined as the time between 1840 and 1940.
These are the beginnings of telecommunication.
The telegraph was created in the early 1800s.
8)Tenyala Gordon

Morse code was created by Samuel Morse in

1835. The telephone was created by Alexander
Graham Bell in 1876. The first radio developed by
Guglielmo Marconi in 1894. All of these were
extremely crucial emerging technologies that led
to big advances in the information technology field.
9)Tori Tulloch

Pictures of electromechanical inventions

Telegraph

Morse Code

Telephone

Electronic
The electronic age is wha we currently live in. It
can be defined as the time between 1940 and
right now. The ENIAC was the first high-speed,
digital computer capable of being reprogrammed
to solve a full range of computing problems.
10)Sashawna Roberts

This computer was designed to be used by the

U.S. Army for artillery firing tables. This machine
was even bigger than the Mark 1 taking up 680
square feet and weighing 30 tons - HUGE. It
mainly used vacuum tubes to do its calculations.
11)Amoy Crawford

Pictures of electronic
inventions
ENIAC

Mark 1

Generations of Computers
First Generation (1942-1955)
The first generation was started 1942 with the invention
of Mark-I computer. Computer in this age were based on
vacuum tube technology. Hundreds and thousands
vacuum tubes made the size of computer very large.
12)Emanie Bailey

Besides that the tubes emitted tremendous heat and

caused in breaking of the tubes and replacing them
frequently. Despite these drawbacks, these computers
made a smooth pavement towards structure of
computer.
13)Tionne Stewart

Second Generation (19551964)

In second generation vacuum tube were replaced by

transistor technology. Transistors were smaller in size
thats why it reduced the size of computer and also the
cost reduced upto a reasonable level. Computer in this
age were able to calculate data in milliseconds.

14)Anne Johnson

Third Generation (19651975)

Computers in this period were based on
integrated circuits (I.C). The development of I.C
is the result of solid state technology. Thus the
size of computer shrank more then the previous
systems.
15)Shalizza Reynolds

I.C is basically the collection of many electronic

circuits on a single silicon chip. These
computers consumed a less amount of energy,
produced less heat. Also they were capable of
using High-level languages.
16)Najhda Barrows

Forth Generation (1975-1980)

Fourth Generation is the most enormous generation

because it yielded Microprocessor which possesses
thousands I.Cs at a single ship. Thus the size of
computer was limited only to the top of a table. Micro
computers or personal computer were introduced
commercially in this period.

17)Yatisha Barnett

Computers at Fourth generation were smaller in size,

cost heat and electric consumption. Their speed was
much more then that of previous.
18)Rhea Narcisse

Fifth Generation (1980-Present

day)

Fight generation mainly focuses on software

developments, much more work is conducted in the field
of artificial Intelligence (A.1) Robotics, Natural
Languages processing (NLP).

19)Chanise Brooks

The engineers concentration was mainly focused

on the idea to make computer think, analyze and
generation inferences. Also, computer should behave
like Human Experts like Doctors, Engineers, Teachers
translators, Psychologists, ect.

20)Jada Webster

Advantages and Disadvantages of

Information Technology in Business
Advantages

Disadvantages

Increases production

Implementation Expenses

Saves time

Job Elimination

Improves communication

Security Breaches
23)Amanda Moore

Improves data storage and file

management
21)Natasiea Simpson
Improves financial management
Improves on business competitive
advantage
Improves business to consumer
relationship
22)Notesia Diviney

Advantages and Disadvantages of

Information Technology in
Purchasing
Advantages

Disadvantages

Credit Cards and Smart cards

Internet security issues

Electronic Bill Presentation and

Payment

Faulty products and duplication

24)Daminique Riley

Privacy

Advantages and Disadvantages of

Information Technology in
Education
Advantages

Disadvantages

Online education has made

educational material and
data accessible anywhere

Poor publications online

New methods of education

have been created
25)Shania Waul

Over dependence on
information technology
makes students less active
and innovative.
26)Shanice Moore

Advantages and Disadvantages of

Information Technology in Banking

Advantages

Disadvantages

Online Banking

Money Laundering

Fast Credit

27)Shanique Stevens

Top 10 jobs associated with

Information
Technology
IT consultant
Ranking number 13 on CNNs most recent Best Jobs in America list, the work
of being an IT consultant is as vague as it sounds. In this position, your job is to
evaluate the systems and do the research that no one else entirely
understands. As CNN puts it, everyone from local startups to the Fortune 500
companies need IT consultants to help them figure out the cheapest and fastest
ways to run computers better.
Education: A bachelors degree in computer science.
Salary: $96,400, according to CNN.
28)Tangqin Wright

Cloud Architect

A cloud architect is an IT professional who is responsible for

overseeing a company's cloud computing strategy. This includes
cloud adoption plans, cloud application design, and cloud
management and monitoring. Cloud architects oversee application
architecture and deployment in cloud environments -- including
public cloud, private cloud and hybrid cloud. Additionally, cloud
architects act as consultants to their organization and need to stay
up-to-date on the latest trends and issues.
Education: A bachelors degree.
Salary: $112,000, making it one of the highest paying IT jobs.
29)Ramona Stanberry

Computer Forensic
Investigator

A Computer Forensics Investigator or Forensic Analyst is a specially

trained professional who works with law enforcement agencies, as
well as private firms, to retrieve information from computers and
other types of data storage devices.
Education:A degree in computer forensics, information security or
cyber security and a certification from a computer examiner board.
Salary: $64,000 according to TBS.
30)Josina Forrester

Health IT Specialist

Healthcare IT specialists maintain patient records and keep them

secure, as well as keeping up with current computer and software
technology and legislative requirements.
Education: While some health IT jobs require only an associate
degree and/or certification, supervisory technician positions call for
bachelors and masters degrees.
Salary: $45,000, according to TBS.
31)Samantha Brown

Mobile Application Developer

A person who writes computer programs to meet specific

requirements. The term often implies involvement with, or
responsibility for, requirements capture and testing, in contrast to
the term programmer
Education: A bachelors in software engineering, computer science,
mobile computer.
Salary: $90,000 with high growth outlook, reports TBS.
32)Brittanie Scott

Web Developer

A person or company that develops World Wide Web software

applications, or that creates and maintains websites.
Education: Bachelor's degree related to computer science
Salary: $90,000, according to TBS.
33)Jada Dawes

Software Engineer

Software engineers are behind all the programs we run on our

mobile devices and personal computers and there is a very wide
range of niche fields you can work in.
Education:A bachelors degree in software engineering.
Salary: $89,000 according to TBS.
34)Thiona Ellington

Information Technology Vendor

Manager

A vendor manager orchestrates the IT departments dealings with

its suppliers, such as makers of hardware and software and
providers of services. The vendor manager guides the purchasing of
products or services for the department. This includes evaluating a
potential providers reputation, resources and expertise, as well as
helping with negotiations and contracts.
Education:Bachelor's degree is standard; master's degrees are also
common
Salary: $88,000, reports TBS.
35)Davel Smith

Data Modeler

Database specialists analyze the needs of their employers and the types
of information they collect that can meet those needs. They can then
create the structure for processing data through software and hardware.
They test their developments on a limited set of information to ensure they
function efficiently before releasing them for company-wide use.
Education:Bachelor's degree
Salary:$57,000
36)Asheena Hutchinson

Statisticians

Statisticians use sampling techniques to determine sizes of relative

populations and demographics. This process is achieved by
surveying portions of large groups. They determine the size of group
samples and the methods for carrying these samples out. This
includes stylizing the instructions and questions to be used in
surveys.
37) Shanique Hinds
Finally, statisticians summarize, analyze, and interpret the resultant
data.Statisticians are also heavily involved in the development of
products and quality factors. They often work for automobile,
pharmaceutical, or computer software companies in trial testing and
product evaluation. Apart from development, statisticians are also
involved with the manufacturing, asset, liability, and risk
management, and marketing departments of firms.
Education:a bachelors degree
Salary: 57,000
38)Saphia Evans