Introduction To Geotechnical Engineering: Ground

Introduction to
Geotechnical Engineering
ground
PURWANTO
SIVA
Typical Geotechnical Project

Geo-Laboratory
~ for testing
soil properties
Design Office
~ for design & analysis
m
l sa
soi
ple
s
l
i
ta
e
d
n
ig
s
de
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construction site
Shallow Foundations
~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground
~ mostly for firm soils or light loads
firm
ground
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bed rock
Shallow Foundations
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Deep Foundations
~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground
~ mostly for weak soils or heavy loads
P
I
L
E
weak soil
bed rock
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Deep Foundations
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Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway

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Retaining Walls
~ for retaining soils from spreading laterally
retaining
wall
Road
Train
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Earth Dams
~ for impounding water
reservoir
clay
core
shell
soil
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Concrete Dams
reservoir
concrete dam
soil
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Concrete Dams
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Three Gorges Dam, Hong

Kong
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Concrete Dams
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Earthworks
~ preparing the ground prior to construction
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Roadwork, Pacific Highway
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Construction hazard
~ an unwelcome visitor at an earthwork site.
What does it have

to do with Geo?#!
A dead Anaconda python (courtesy: J. Brunskill)

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Geofabrics
~ used for reinforcement, separation, filtration and
drainage in roads, retaining walls, embankments
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Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway
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Reinforced Earth Walls

~ using geofabrics to strengthen the soil
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Soil Nailing
~ steel rods placed into holes drilled into the walls
and grouted
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Sheet Piles
~ sheets of interlockingsteel or timber driven into
the ground, forming a continuous sheet
warehouse
ship
sheet pile
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Sheet Piles
~ resist lateral earth pressures
~ used in excavations, waterfront structures, ..
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Sheet Piles
~ used in temporary works
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Sheet Piles
~ interlocking sections
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Cofferdam
~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to
prevent water seeping in
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Landslides
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Shoring
propping and supporting the exposed walls to
resist lateral earth pressures
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Tunneling
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Blasting
For ore recovery in mines
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Ground Improvement
Impact Roller to Compact the Ground

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Ground Improvement
Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils

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Ground Improvement
Smooth-wheeled Roller
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Ground Improvement
Big weights dropped
from 25 m, compacting
the ground.
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Craters formed in compaction

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Environmental Geomechanics
Waste Disposal in Landfills

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Instrumentation
~ to monitor the performances of earth and
earth supported structures
~ to measure loads, pressures, deformations,
strains,
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Soil Testing
Cone Penetration Test Truck Lavarach Barracks, Townsville
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Soil Testing
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Vane Shear Test

Standard Penetration Test
More Field Tests
Soil Testing
Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory

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Soil Testing
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Variety of Field Testing Devices

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Soil Testing
Purdue University, USA
Being Pushed around by my Supervisors

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Typical Safety Factors
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Type of Design
Safety
Factor
Probability of
Failure
Earthworks
1.3-1.5
1/500
Retaining
structures
1.5-2.0
1/1500
Foundations 2.0-3.0
1/5000
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Some unsung heroes of Geotechnical Engineering
foundation
s
soil
exploratio
n
tunnelin
g
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buried right under your feet.

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Great Contributors to the Developments

in Geotechnical Engineering
Karl Terzaghi
1883-1963
L. Bjerrum
1918-1973
C.A.Coulomb
1736-1806
A.W.Skempton
1914-
WJM Rankine
1820-1872
Sivas
Sivasteacher
teacherininUSA
USA
deserves
deservesgold
goldframe
frame
G.F.Sowers
1921-1996
A.Casagrande
1902-1981
G.A. Leonards
1921-1997
Geotechnical Engineering Landmarks
Leaning Tower of Pisa

Our blunders become monuments!
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Hoover Dam, USA
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Tallest (221 m) concrete dam
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Petronas Tower, Malaysia
Tallest building in the

world
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Monuments
and.
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Practicals
~ five practical sessions
~ closed footwear must be worn in the
lab
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Laboratory Staff
Neville Hines & Rudd Rankine

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Some Suggestions
Attend the lectures.
It takes longer to
understand from the
lecture notes
Develop a good feel for the

subject.
It is practical, interesting
and makes lot of sense.
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Some Suggestions
Work in groups.
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Some Suggestions
Thou shall not wait till the last

minute.
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Exams
My mama always said, Exam is like

a box of chocolates; you never know
what you are gonna get
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Introduction To Geotechnical Engineering: Ground

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Introduction to

Typical Geotechnical Project

Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway

Three Gorges Dam, Hong

Roadwork, Pacific Highway

What does it have

A dead Anaconda python (courtesy: J. Brunskill)

Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway

Reinforced Earth Walls

For ore recovery in mines

Impact Roller to Compact the Ground

Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils

Craters formed in compaction

Waste Disposal in Landfills

Cone Penetration Test Truck Lavarach Barracks, Townsville

Vane Shear Test

Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory

Variety of Field Testing Devices

Being Pushed around by my Supervisors

Typical Safety Factors

Some unsung heroes of Geotechnical Engineering

buried right under your feet.

Great Contributors to the Developments

Geotechnical Engineering Landmarks

Leaning Tower of Pisa

Hoover Dam, USA

Tallest (221 m) concrete dam

Petronas Tower, Malaysia

Tallest building in the

Neville Hines & Rudd Rankine

Develop a good feel for the

Thou shall not wait till the last

My mama always said, Exam is like

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