Introduction

Rectifier-A circuit that converts that

converts an AC signal into a unidirectional
signal
AC to DC Converter
Rectifier types_Single Phase & three
phase rectifiers
Estimation_Trr = 0, & VD = 0
ECE 442 Power Electronics

Single Phase half wave Rectifier

A single Phase half-wave rectifier is the simplest type
and normally is not used in industrial applications.
During the positive half cycle of the input voltage, D1
conducts and the input voltage appears across the
load.
During the negative half cycle of the input voltage,
the diode is in a blocking condition and the output
voltage is zero.
It is used low cost power supplies like radio.
ECE 442 Power Electronics

Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Waveforms

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters
Average value of the output voltage, V dc
Average value of the output current, I dc
Output dc power, Pdc
Pdc = VdcIdc

rms value of the output voltage, Vrms

Output ac power, Pac
Pac = VrmsIrms
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Performance Parameters (continued)

Efficiency,
= Pdc/Pac

Effective (rms) value of the ac component

of the output voltage, Vac
Vac = Vrms2 Vdc2

Form factor (Measure shape of output

voltage), FF
FF = Vrms/Vdc

Ripple factor, RF
RF = Vac/Vdc
ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters (continued)

Alternate form for ripple factor
V
RF ( ) 1 FF 1
V
rms

dc

Transformer utilization factor, TUF

TUF = Pdc/VsIs
Vs, Is are rms voltage and current of the
transformer secondary
ECE 442 Power Electronics

Input Voltage and Current

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters (continued)

Displacement angle,
Displacement Factor, DF
DF = cos()

Harmonic Factor, HF

I I
HF (
) ( ) 1

I
I

s1

1
2

1
2

s1

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s1

10

Performance Parameters (continued)

Power Factor, PF

VI
I
PF
cos cos
VI
I
s

s1

s1

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Performance Parameters (continued)

Crest Factor (measure of the peak
input current), CF

CF

s ( peak )

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ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Example 3.1
Determine , FF, RF, TUF, PIV of the
diode, CF of the input current, input PF.

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Determine the Average Voltage, Vdc

1
V v (t)dt
T
1
V V sin tdt
T
V
T
V
(cos
1)
T
2
T

dc

T
2

dc

dc

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1
f
T
2 f
V
V
0.318V

V
0.318V
I

R
R
m

dc

dc

dc

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Determine the rms Voltage, Vrms

1

V
v (t)dt
T

rms

1
2

V (V sin t) dt
T

V
V
0.5V
2
V
0.5V
I

R
R
T
2

rms

1
2

rms

rms

rms

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Determine Pdc, Pac, and

(0.318V )
P
R
(0.5V )
P
R
(0.318V )

40.5%
(0.5V )
2

dc

ac

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Determine FF and RF

V
0.5V
FF

V
0.318V
FF 1.57 157%
rms

dc

RF FF 1
2

RF 1.57 1 1.21 121%

2

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Determine the TUF

1
2

1
V

V
0.707V
(V sin t) dt
T

2
0.5V
I I
R
(0.318V )
P
R
T UF

0.5V
VI
(0.707V )(
)
R
T UF 0.286
T

load

dc

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Determine the PIV

PIV is the maximum (peak) voltage that
appears across the diode when reverse
biased. Here, PIV = Vm.

PIV +

+
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Determine CF
CF

I s ( peak )
Is

Vm
I s ( peak )
R
0.5Vm
Is
R
Vm
CF R 2
0.5Vm
R
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Determine PF

Pac
PF cos
VA
2
(0.5Vm )
R
PF
0.707
0.5Vm
(0.707Vm )(
)
R
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Summary Half-Wave Rectifier

RF=121%
High
Efficiency = 40.5 Low
TUF = 0.286
Low
1/TUF = 3.496
transformer must be 3.496 times larger than
when using a pure ac voltage source

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 End of the day

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Half-Wave Rectifier with R-L Load

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Waveforms of Current and Voltage

Conduction period of D1 extends beyond t =

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Average Output Voltage

Vm
Vdc
2

sin td (t )

Vm

Vdc
cos t 0
2
Vm
Vdc
1 cos( )
2
Vdc
I dc
R
Increase average voltage and current by making = 0
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Waveforms with Dm installed

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Application as a Battery Charger

Diode conducts for vs > E,

starting when Vmsin = E
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Waveforms for the Battery Charger

Diode turns off when

vs < E (at = )
Charging current
io = (vs E)/R
io = (Vmsint E)/R
for < t <
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Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier

Center-Tapped Transformer
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Waveforms for the Full-Wave Rectifier

T
2

2
Vdc Vm sin t
T 0
2Vm
Vdc

Vdc 0.636Vm
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Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier

PIV = 2Vm
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Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

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Waveforms for the Full-Wave Bridge

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Full-Wave Bridge with Waveforms

Conduction pattern
D1 D2

D 3 D4

PIV = Vm
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