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IP

ADDRESSING

IP ADDRESSING IN
BRIEF:
It is a numerical label assigned to each device.

IP Addressing is basically Logical Addressing.

Two Version of Addressing Scheme are:IP version 4 32 bit


addressing,
IP version 6 128 bit
addressing.

NEED OF IP ADDRESSING
You need an IP address to communicate
with theInternet.
If yourcomputeris communicating with
theInternet, you are using an IP
address.
If you are using a dial-up Internet
Service or an ISP using ISDN you will
definitely have an IP address on your
computer.

CLASSES OF IP
ADDRESS
Total IP Addressing Scheme is divided into 5
Classes.
CLASS A
CLASS B
CLASS C

LAN & WAN


LAN & WAN
LAN & WAN

CLASS D

Multicasting & Newsgroups

CLASS E

Research & Development

PRIORITY BIT
To identify the range of each class we will be using Priority Bit
Concept.
Priority Bit is the left most bits in the First Octet.
CLASS A priority bit is

CLASS B priority bit is

10

CLASS C priority bit is

110

CLASS D priority bit is

1110

CLASS E priority bit is

1111

BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION

DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION

Example : 192.168.10.2

128

64

32

16

For the first octet: 192 we have to add = 128 + 64 =


192
so we get in binary = 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
similarly
For 2nd octet = 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
For 3rd octet = 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
For 4th octet = 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
So ip address in binary is

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0. 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0. 0 0
000010

Dotted Decimal Notation

IP addresses are written in a so-called


dotted decimal notation.
Each byte is identified by a decimal
number in the range [0-255].
1st Byte

2nd Byte

3rd Byte

4th Byte

128

143

137

144

10001111

10001001

10000000

128.143.137.144

10010000

IP Addresss
Uniqueness

Example: abhishek.eie.networkbulls.NNSC
128.143

137.144

Network id is:
128.143.0.0
Host number is: 137.144
Subnet mask is: 255.255.0.0
Prefix notation:

128.143.137.144/16
Network prefix is 16 bits long

Class A
Range: 0 - 127 0 is reserved for
Unspecified N/W &
127 is reserved for
Loopback/Self Testing.
N.H.H.H
8 bits reserved for network & 24 for
Hosts.
N part cant be changed but H can be.

Class A Number of networks &


Hosts

Class B

Range: 128 to 191


N.N.H.H
16 bits reserved for Network & 16 for
Hosts.

Class B Number of networks & Hosts

Class C

Range: 192 to 223


N.N.N.H
24 bits reserved for Network & 8 for
Hosts.
Most Commonly used because wastage
of IP Addresses is Avoided.

Class C Number of networks & Hosts

NETWORK ADDRESSS

BROADCAST ADDRESS

VALID IP ADDRESS

Valid IP Addresses lie between the


Network Address and the
Broadcast Address.
Eg:- 192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.0 network-id
192.168.1.1 toValid IP Addresses
192.168.254
192.168.1.255 broadcast-id

PRIVATE IP

RANGE OF PRIVATE IPs

SUBNET MASK

SUBNET MASK EXAMPLES

VLSM

(variable length subnet


mask)

VLSM BRIEF

VLSM USES

SUMMARIZATION

SUMMARIZATION IN BRIEF

Examples of
summarization

In this example, we will summarize


10.1.0.0 through 10.7.0.0.
First, put everything into binary, and then
follow the bits, starting on the left and
stopping when the bits do not line up.
10.1.0.0
00001010.00000001.00000000.00000000
10.2.0.0
00001010.00000010.00000000.00000000
10.3.0.0
00001010.00000011.00000000.00000000
10.4.0.0
00001010.00000100.00000000.00000000
10.5.0.0
00001010.00000101.00000000.00000000
10.6.0.0
00001010.00000110.00000000.00000000

NETWORKING
DEVICES

TYPES OF DEVICES

HUB
Hubs concentrate connections. In
other words, they take a group of
hosts and allow the network to see
them as a single unit.

This is done passively, without


any other effect on the data
transmission.
Active hubs not only
concentrate hosts, but they also
regenerate signals.

REPEATER
A repeater is a
network device
used to
regenerate a
signal.
Repeaters
regenerate analog
or digital signals
distorted by
transmission loss
due to attenuation.

BRIDGE
Bridges convert network
transmission data formats
and perform basic data
transmission management.
Bridges, as the name
implies, provide connections
between LANs. Not only do
bridges connect LANs.

This makes each part of


the network more
efficient.

ROUTER

FIREWALL

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