Sei sulla pagina 1di 18

Microbiology: Study of Cells

Major Topics:
Test 1
1. Cell Theory and types of cells (organisms)
2. Cell Size & Function
3. Structures and Functions Overview
4. Cell Transport & Membrane
Test 2
4. Photosynthesis & Chloroplast
5. Cell Respiration & Mitochondria
Test 3
6. Cell Reproduction/CellCycle (Mitosis&Meiosis)

1. Cell Theory

High School Biology MA Standards & Objectives:


2.2 Compare and contrast, at the cellular level, the
general structures and degrees of complexity of
prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
2.3 Use cellular evidence (e.g., cell structure, cell
number, cell reproduction) and modes of nutrition to
describe the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria,
Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia).
** Describe the three components of the cell theory.

Warm-up
What are the characteristics of life/living
things?
Where did life come from?
What is the smallest unit of life?

Living Things
are made up of cells that have a complex, organized
structure
respond to stimuli from their environment
actively maintain their complex structure and their
internal environment, a process called homeostasis
acquire & use materials & energy from their environment
& convert them into different forms
grow & develop
reproduce themselves using the molecular blueprint
DNA
as a whole, have the capacity to evolve

Early of Understanding What Life Is


and where it came from?
Spontaneous generation
Historical Thinking- dates back to 4th century BC (time
of Aristotle)
idea that non-living objects can give rise to living
organisms
Read the example below What do you Think?
Ex. It was common knowledge that simple organisms
like worms, beetles, frogs & salamanders could come
from dust, mud etc. and any food left out, quickly
swarmed with life.

Newer Thinking.
1665- Robert Hooke (scientist & inventor)
used a primitive microscope to observe thin
piece of dry cork
observed a great many boxes that reminded
him of the cells monks occupied
later observed that living plants were filled with
juices
**** plants are composed of cells

1670 Anton Leeuwenhoek


(microscopist)
looked at simple pond water, observed tiny moving
object he called animacules we know them as
protists
the cell idea was difficult to see due to a lack of cell
wall in protists & animal cells
observed blood, sperm & insect eggs
began to rethink the idea of spontaneous generation
*** cells come from preexisting cells

1830 Theodore Schwann


(zoologist)
observed that cartilage was made up of
cells similar to plants
**** cells are the elementary particle of
both plants and animals

1850s Rudolf Virchow


(pathologist- studies how things
work/function)
stated, every animal appears as a sum of vital
units, each bears in itself the complete
characteristics of life
In other words, these cells are the units of life
that performs all of lifes primary functions

SUMMARY
of cell theory.
every living organism is made up of one or
more cells
the smallest living organisms are cells, &
cells are the functional units of multicellular
organisms
all cells arise from preexisting cells

2. Size Matters!....
Size:Volume Ratio
Surface Area: Volume Ratio affects the
efficiency of particle movement within cells

C
B
A

How SA:Vol affects transport

Cell Shape Affects Function

3.) Types of Cells


Two general cell types:
Prokaryotic evolutionarily more primitive
- smaller, simple
- lack organelles/ no nucleus
Eukaryotic larger, more complex
- have organelles and a nucleus

Taxonomy/ Categories of Organisms


Cell Type

3 Domains

6 Kingdoms

Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Eukaryota

Archaea
bacteria
protista
fungi
plantae
animalia

ORGANISM

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria
(prokaryotes)
Protista

Fungi

Plant

Animal

Cellular Structural

Cell Number

Reproductive Method

Organization
(organelles, tissues, organs)

(uni, multi, colonial)

(sexual, asexual)

Modes of Nutrition
(photosynthetic,
phagocytotic,
sacrophytotic

4. Cell Structure & Function Overview


MA Standards & Learning Objectives
2.1 Relate cell parts/organelles (plasma
membrane, nuclear envelope, nucleus,
nucleolus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus,
lysosome, ribosome, vacuole, cell wall,
chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centriole, cilium,
flagellum, pseudopod) to their functions.
Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly
selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated
diffusion, active transport).

Anatomy of a Cell
Nuclear Envelope
10.

4.
5.
7.
Ribosomes

1.

6.

2.
8.
3.
9.

Name the cell organelles. Describe their Function.


What type of cell is this (prokaryotic/eukaryotic)? Which kingdom?

Potrebbero piacerti anche