Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Middle-range Theories
Madeleine Leininger
July 13, 1925 -
Madeleine Leininger
Central theme:
Transcultural
care
Madeleine Leininger
Person: Caring beings capable of being
concerned about, holding interest in, or
having personal regard for other peoples
needs, well-being, and survival.
Madeleine Leininger
Environment: It is the culture of each
individual, group or society.
Health: It is the state of well-being that is
mainly known and expressed in cultural
meanings and ways.
Madeleine Leininger: On
Nursing
A learned humanistic art and science that
focuses on personalized care behaviors
and processes that are directed toward
promoting and maintaining health
behaviors or recovery from illness.
These behaviors and processes have
physical, psychocultural, and social
significance or meaning.
Hildegard Peplau
September 1, 1909 March 17, 1999
Hildegard Peplau
Central theme: Described the
dynamic relationship between the
nurse and the patient.
Person: Man is an organism that lives
in an unstable equilibrium,
psychological, physiological, and
social fluidity.
Hildegard Peplau
Environment: Fluid context of the
nurse- client relationship.
Health: Life is the process of striving
in the direction of stable equilibrium,
i.e., a fixed pattern that is never
reached except in death. It is the
forward movement of the personality.
Hildegard Peplau
Nursing: Nursing is the
therapeutic interpersonal
process carried out through the
relationship between the person and
the nurse.
Identified six nursing roles:
counseling role, leadership role,
surrogate role, stranger role,
resource person, and teaching role.
Views nursing as educative and
therapeutic.
Joyce Travelbee
1926-1973
Joyce Travelbee
Central theme: A sick person finding
meaning in illness and suffering and
human to human relationship
Person: A unique irreplaceable
individual who is in a continuous
process of becoming, evolving, and
changing.
Joyce Travelbee
Environment: not defined
Health: Health includes the
individuals perception of health and
the absence of disease.
Peplau
Middle-range
Nursing Theorists
Orlando
Travelbee
Pender
Leininger
Moving towards
QUALITY
SAFE
NURSING
CARE