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MEASUREMENTS
Complications--Grain Characteristics
Grain size measurement is
complicated by a number of factors.
(1).The three-dimensional size of the grains is not
constant and the sectioning plane will cut
through the grains at random.
On a cross-section over a range of sizes, none
larger than the cross section of the largest grain
sampled can be observed.
Complications--Grain Characteristics
(1).The three-dimensional size of the grains is not
constant and when sectioning, the plane will cut
through the grains at random
(2) Grain shape also varies, particularly as a function of
grain size.
(3) But, grains are sampled with a range of sizes and
shapes.
(4) Grain shapes can be distorted by processing
procedures so that they are flattened and/or
elongated
(5) Different product shapes, and different processing
procedures, can produce a variety of non-equiaxed
grain shapes
(6) Grain size measurement is also complicated by the
different types of grains that can be present in
metals, although their fundamental shapes are the
same
Measurement Methods
Although Committee E-4 by ASTM was
formed in 1916 for the purpose of
establishing standard magnifications for
micrographs, its first standard, E 2-17T,
Methods of Preparation of Micrographs of
Metals and Alloys, was partly devoted to
grain size measurement.
(Eqn 1)
where:
n = the number of grains per square inch
at 100X magnification, and
G = the ASTM grain size number.