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2
Parasympathetic activities
Decreased
Heart Rate
Decreased Blood Pressure
Pupil Constriction
Increased Urination
Decreased Sweating
Bronchial Constriction
Increased Salivation
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Sympathetic activities
Increased
Heart Rate
Increased Blood Pressure
Pupil Dilation
Decreased Urination
Increased Sweating
Bronchial Dilation
Decreased Salivation
HOW IT HAPPENS ?
Autonomic
nerve pathway
Extends from CNS to an innervated organ
Two-neuron chain
Preganglionic fiber (synapses with cell
body of second neuron)
Postganglionic fiber (innervates effector
organ)
10
Anatomy of ANS
Division
Sympathetic
Origin of Fibers
Thoracolumbar
region of the
spinal cord
Length of
Fibers
Short
preganglionic
and long
postganglionic
Location of
Ganglia
Close to the
spinal cord
Long
preganglionic
and short
postganglionic
In the visceral
effector
organs
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ANATOMI
Sympathetic
fibers
along with spinal
nerves
segment
Toraco-Lumbal
(T1 L3)
Parasympathetic
fibers (craniosacral)
along with cranial
nerves - III, VII,
IX, & X, and :
spinal nerves
Figure 14.3
12
Parasympathet
ic division :
cranial &
sacral outflow
14
Sympathetic Outflow
15
Figure 14.6
17
Figure 14.2
18
19
Cholinergic Receptor
Muscarinic (M1,M2,M3,M4,M5)...in
the effector organs
Muscarinic receptors are found on
all effector cells that are
stimulated by the postganglionic
cholinergic neurons of either the
parasympathetic nervous
systemor the sympathetic system.
20
Cholinergic Receptor
Nicotinic (N2)...in the ganglia
Nicotinic
22
24
removed in 3 ways :
1) reuptake into sympathetic nerve ending themselves
(50-80 %)
2) diffusion away into surrounding body fluid
3) destruction by enzymes (small amounts) : MAO (in
the nerve ending) or COMT (in all tissue)
25
26
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Origin from
Preganglionic
fiber
Postganglionic
fiber
Neurotransmitter
-Preganglionic
-Postganglionic
Termination of
action
Enhance your
knowledge by
studying this
table in Ganongs
(21-23rd Ed)
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Autonomic Reflexes
Visceral functions of the body are
regulated by autonomic reflexes.
Examples :
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Gastrointestinal
Reflexes.
Autonomic
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TERIMA KASIH
REFERENSI :
Frederic H. Martini. Fundamentals of Anatomy &
Physiology.5th Ed. Prentice-Hall. 2001. pp :399-400,
Elaine N.Marieb. Human Anatomy and Physiology. 6th Ed.
Benjamin Cumming. 2004.
Ganongs Review of Medical Physiology. 23rd Ed. McGraw
Hill.2010.pp:261-271
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