Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Produccin
Captulo 13
Copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of
the
work should be mailed to:
Permissions Department, Harcourt College Publishers,
6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777.
Objetivo de la Empresa
maximizar
beneficios
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Beneficio de la empresa
Beneficio es el ingreso total menos los costos totales
de la empresa.
Beneficio = Ingreso Total - Costo Total
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Beneficio
Econmico
Beneficio
Contable
Ingresos
Costos
Implcitos
Costos
Explcitos
Ingresos
Costos
de
Oportunidad
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Costos
Explicitos
Qu le ocurren a los
beneficios si la empresa
contina incorporando
trabajadores?
Producto = Producto adicional
Marginal
insumo adicional
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
El producto marginal
decreciente
es la propiedad del producto marginal de
disminuir cuando se incrementa la cantidad del
insumo.
Ejemplo: Cuando ms y ms trabajadores son
contratados, cada trabajador adicional contribuye
menos y menos a la produccin, debido a que la
empresa tiene limitado el equipamiento.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
La funcin de produccin...
producto
funcin de produccin
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
No. trabajadores
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Familia de Costos
Costo
Fijo (CF)
Costo Variable (CV)
Costo Total (CT)
CT = CF + CV
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Familia de Costos
Q
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CT
$ 3.00
3.30
3.80
4.50
5.40
6.50
7.80
9.30
11.00
12.90
15.00
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
CF
$3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
CF
$ 0.00
0.30
0.80
1.50
2.40
3.50
4.80
6.30
8.00
9.90
12.00
CT
$14.00
$12.00
CT
$10.00
$8.00
$6.00
$4.00
$2.00
$0.00
0
10
12
Q
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
producto
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
funcin de produccin
Relacin entre la
funcin de produccin y
la funcin de costo total.
Rendimientos
No. trabajadores
decrecientes
$16.00
CT
$14.00
$12.00
CT
$10.00
$8.00
$6.00
$4.00
$2.00
$0.00
0
10
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
12
Costos Medios
Se
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CFMe
CVMe
CMe
$3.00
1.50
1.00
0.75
0.60
0.50
0.43
0.38
0.33
0.30
$0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
$3.30
1.90
1.50
1.35
1.30
1.30
1.33
1.38
1.43
1.50
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Costo Marginal
Costo
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Costo Marginal
Cambio en el CV
CMg=
Cambio en Q
=
CV
Q
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Costos
$2.50
CM
g
$2.00
CMe
$1.50
CVMe
$1.00
$0.50
CFMe
$0.00
0
10
12
Q
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Costs
$2.50
CMg
$2.00
CMe
$1.50
$1.00
$0.50
$0.00
0
Quantity of Output
(glasses of lemonade per hour)
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
10
12
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
0
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Economas y Deseconomas de
Escala
ostos medios
Economa
de escala
retornos
constantes a
escala
0
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Deseconom
as
de escala
Q