MEMBACA CEPAT:

Read More
Efficiently
Rahmatina B. Herman
Bagian Pendidikan Kedokteran (BPK)
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

References
Redway, K. Rapid reading
Manktelow, J and Carlson, A. Learn
how to speed read.
Murti, B. Speed reading: common
reading mistakes and how to
correct them

Learning Resources in PBL

Literatures:
- Paper Based
- Electronic
Experts
Others

..Learning Resources in PBL

Text book
Journal
Bulletin
Newspaper
Reports
Materials of scientific seminar
Scientific meetings
Personal communication, etc

Relevant to the needs

Reading
Definition:
- The ability to examine words and
absorb the information within
- The cognitive process of
understanding a written linguistic
message
- To examine and grasp the
meaning of written or printed
characters, words or sentences

..Reading
Main process during reading:
- Identify and recognize visual symbols
- Assimilating symbols
- Integration and comprehension
- Storage the knowledge in memory
- Retrieve/ recall the knowledge from
memory
Think about how much reading you do every
day

Speed reading

Speed Reading
Getting faster and more efficient at
reading, while still understanding what
you're reading
A collection of reading methods which
attempt to increase rates of reading
without greatly reducing comprehension
or retention
Essential skill to help us read and
understand a large amount of
information more quickly in any
environment

Poor Reading Habits

1. Sub-vocalization
- Sub-vocalization is the habit of
pronouncing each word in your head as
you read it.
- When you sub-vocalize, you "hear" the
word being spoken in your mind. This
takes much more time than is
necessary, because you can understand a
word more quickly than you can say it.
- Eliminating sub-vocalization alone can
increase your reading speed by an
astounding amount

..Poor Reading Habits

2. Reading word-by-word
- Not only is it slow to read word-byword, but when you concentrate on
separate words, you often miss
the
overall concept of what's being said.
- Practice expanding the number of
words that you read at a time. You may
also find that you can increase the
number of words you read in a single
fixation by holding the text a little
further from your eyes

..Poor Reading Habits

3. Inefficient eye motion
- Slow readers tend to focus on each word,
and work their way across each line.
- Eye movement horizontally rather than
vertically and diagonally
- To overcome this, "soften" your gaze
when you read by relaxing your face and
expanding your gaze, you'll begin to see
blocks of words instead of seeing each
word as distinct unit. As you get good at
this, your eyes will skip faster and faster
across the page.

..Poor Reading Habits

4. Regression
- Regression is the unnecessary re-reading
of material.
- Regression makes you lose the flow and
structure of the text, and your overall
understanding of the subject can decrease.
- To reduce the number of times your eyes
skip back, run a pointer along the line as
you read. This could be a finger, or a pen
or pencil. Your eyes will follow the tip of
your pointer, helping you avoid skipping
back.

..Poor Reading Habits

5. Poor concentration
- Reading has to be done in an environment
where external distractions are kept to a
minimum.
- Pay attention to "internal distractions" as
well
- Sub-vocalization actually forces your brain
to attend to what you're reading, and that's
why people often say that they can read and
watch TV at the same time
- To improve your concentration as you read,
stop multitasking while reading, and
remove any distractions .

..Poor Reading Habits

6. Approaching reading linearly
- We're taught to read across and down, taking
in
every word, sentence, paragraph and page
in
sequence. When you do this, though, you
pay the same attention to supplementary
material as you
do to core information.
- Overcome this by scanning the page for
headings, and by looking for bullet points and
things in bold. Skim over the fluff, and only
pay attention to the
key material.
- As you read, look for the little extras that
authors add to make their writing interesting
and engaging

Getting Ready to Read

1. Eliminate all distractions.
- Get rid of any thing your mind could
think about besides the reading
material
- Any thing which might occupy your
mind waters down your concentration
even occupying your mind-inbackground.
- Fool yourself if you wish but if you
really are serious about reading
faster, eliminate distractions.

..Getting Ready to Read

2. Ask: What is my purpose?
- Before you open the book, take a
minute to state
your purpose to
yourself. It will largely determine how
you read the book from then on.
- You must able to prove the answer to
the following
questions:
> What is my purpose in reading this
material?
> What do I know about the subject
that I will read
about?
> What questions do I want

..Getting Ready to Read

3. Do a 10 minute PRE-READ.
- Take ten minutes or less and pre-read the entire
book.
- Treat a book like a jigsaw puzzle. Dump it out, then
organize all the pieces first before putting it
together.
- Read the dust cover and any cover reviews. Then
look through the author blurb. Move to the Table of
Contents and see if you can figure out the whole
book from this page. Page through the entire book,
page by page and glance through all summaries,
tables, pull- out quotes, diagrams(especially), and
scan through all the section titles and you go.
- Chances are youll find the KEY CHAPTER while you
are doing this

..Getting Ready to Read

4.Read the KEY CHAPTER.
- Start using the rapid reading techniques
mentioned later to read this KEY CHAPTER
through.
- You are not obligated to wait until you
have read all the chapters before this one,
as if you must eat your green beans before
the ice cream. The book is yours go ahead
and get the central idea before
you start!
- Once youve read the key chapter you are
ready to read the rest. In order from the
front to the back,
or in some other order
which better suits your purpose

Rapid Reading Techniques

1. Raise your speed- comfort level.
2. See the book as a mine full of ORE not
GOLD.
3. Quit Sub-vocalizing.
4. Use your finger.
5. Break the back-skip habit.
6. Use your peripheral vision.
7. Learn to read KEY WORDS.
8. Eliminate Bus Stops (Eye rests).
9. Take breaks.
10.Set a time goal.

Six Steps in Speed Reading

1.Recall what is already known about the subject
2.List clear objectives (max. 3) before starting to
read
3.Overview the overall ideas of the text
4.Review: coarse observations to search for
information required, get rid of things that are
not relevant or are already known
5.Examination to identify the information required
6.Comprehension whether it reaches the target or
still remain unclear develop the required
pattern
- to retrieve/ recall
- to link the new and prior knowledge/
information

Retention Techniques
1. Underline, circle, make margin
notes.
Not highlighting the whole page like
some students do! Usually you will not
mark more than two or three items per
page, and many pages will have no
markings. Marking pages increases
recall

2. Dog-ear important pages.

In a 250 page book there will probably
be 25 pages worth dog-earing. Turn

..Retention Techniques
3.Transfer key notes to front of book
Write a great point/ central message/ the quote
which essentially represents the whole book
down in the front of the book. Why? Generally
speaking when it comes to new information you
either Use it or lose it in 20 minutes. Better
yet, link it to something you already know and
write that down too. Linked information can be
recalled far better than isolated information.

4.When finished, re-read dog-eared pages.

Just run back through and re-read the gold.
Here is the essence of the book (if you made
judgments right going through).

..Retention Techniques
5. Now write an abstract in the back
or front.
Take a few more minutes and write an
abstract up front in your own words.
Probably a single paragraph or page,
outlining what this book was all about

6. Drawing a MindMap of the

contents.
Mind Map is used to remember the entire
book on a single page. A Mind Map will
enable you to picture the whole book and
youll look like you posses a photographic

Keys to Speed Reading

Success
Practice, practice, practice you have to
use your skills on a regular basis.
Speed read appropriately not everything
you read lends itself to speed reading.
Take a step back and use the material's
structure this includes skimming
information to get a feel for the
organization and layout of the text, looking
for bolded words and headings, and looking
for the ways in which the author transitions
from one topic to the next.

Attention !!!
Speed-reading is not some magical
secret you can pick up in ten
minutes and Presto!
Speed reading is quite a complex
skill
True, you can learn to read faster;
perhaps double your present
speed in two weeks.
But to become a life-long rapid

Key Points
Speed reading is a skill that can be
learned. It mostly involves breaking poor
habits that you may have developed
since you learned to read.
There are some great techniques that
you can use when practicing speed
reading, including reading blocks of
words, and breaking the habit of subvocalization.
Whichever techniques you apply, you
must always be aware of the purpose of
your reading and decide whether speed
reading is the most appropriate
approach.

Thank You