Higher Level

Geography

Hong Kong MIKE CLARKE/AFP/Getty Images

Geography
IB HL
Measuring
Global
Interactions

HL extension
Cover an extra course global interactions
Makes up the Paper 3 element of IB
geography
You also study an extra Paper 2 topic
Leisure, Sport and Tourism.
Takes many concepts learnt in the core and
looks it in further depth very much gaining
a global perspective
Assessed through essay writing quite
advanced terms and vocabulary are used.

Outline
1. Measuring global interactions
2. Changing spacethe shrinking
world
3. Economic interactions and flows
4. Environmental change
5. Sociocultural exchanges
6. Political outcomes
7. Global interactions at the local
level

 Welcome to the Anthropocene!

What is globalisation? Spider
diagram

GLOBAL PARTICIPATION

Globalisation
Is the key to this topic.
WHAT IS IT?!

Define the following terms:

Globalisation
Out-sourcing
Time-Space convergence

What is globalisation?
- Many different definitions:
- Wikipedia:
- Name for the process of increasing the connectivity and interdependence
of the world's markets and businesses. This process has speeded up
dramatically in the last two decades as technological advances make it
easier for people to travel, communicate, and do business internationally.
Two major recent driving forces are advances in telecommunications
infrastructure and the rise of the internet. In general, as economies become
more connected to other economies, they have increased opportunity but
also increased competition. Thus, as globalization becomes a more and
more common feature of world economics, powerful pro-globalization and
anti-globalization lobbies have arisen.

Read more: http://

www.investorwords.com/2182/globalization.html#ixzz24N5ET0E2
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19476254

"The growing interdependence of

countries through the increasing
variety and volume of cross-boarder
transactions in goods and services and
international capital flows and through
the rapid and widespread diffusion of
technology.
Main driving forces airplane and
internet

Shrinking borders
The increasing
interconnectedness of
the world economy
both culturally and
politically.
There are positive and
negative effects of this.

 What is the difference between

globalization, Westernization and
'global interactions'?
How global are you?!

Task!
Read pages 604-606 and answer
question 2.
Define the following terms:
- Homogenism
- Hyperglobalisation
- Global Scepticism
- Transformationalism

Questions
1. What is the most powerful, effective
agent of globalisation?
2. What are the top 3 factors that
affect globalisation?
3. Which of the theories best explain
the worlds current state?

How would you measure

globalization?
Globalization: The growing interdependence
of countries worldwide through the increasing
volume and variety of cross-border transactions
in goods and services and of international
capital flows, and through the more rapid and
widespread diffusion of technology.
Think of approx. 10 ways of measuring the degree
to which a country is globalized.
In each case justify your choice of measure.
Try to group the measures - come up with your own
group headings.

Measuring globalization - indices

The two most common and recognised
indices are:
KOF index of globalization - calculated by the
Swiss Institute for Business Cycle Research
AT Kearney Globalization Index calculated
by the American management consulting firm
of the same name.
An index is used to measure change over a
period of time

AT Kearney
A global management consulting firm
publishes an annual Globalisation index.
Are the worlds most populated countries
becoming MORE or LESS globally
connected?
Uses political engagement, technological
connectivity, personal contact and
economic integration
72 countries account for 97% worlds GDP
and have 88% of worlds population

AT Kearney Globalization Index

Economic integration

Trade volumes (double

weighted)
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
inflows and outflows (triple
weighted)

Personal integration

International travel and tourism

International phone calls
Remittences

Technological
integration
Number of internet users
Number of internet hosts

Political integration
Membership of international
organisations
Financial contribution to UN
peacekeeping missions
Ratification of international
treaties

KOF Index
Covers economic (38%), social (39%) and
political (23%) dimensions of globalisation
Which is more useful? Analyse the
information on pages 609-612
Make a KOF `factfile including:
What it measures
The top/ bottom countries and why
Its positive/ negative aspects

http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch/media/filer_public/2014/04/16/press_release_2014_en.pdf

Summary question
Give an example of a measurement of
globalization and evaluate its
effectiveness in describing patterns of
globalization. (10)

Core and Periphery

Intro video
The countries of the world can be
divided into two major world regions
- the 'core' and the 'periphery.' The
core includes major world powers
and the countries that contain much
of the wealth of the planet. The
periphery are those countries that
are not reaping the benefits of global
wealth and globalisation

 The basic principle of the 'Core-Periphery' theory is that

as general prosperity grows worldwide, the majority of
that growth is enjoyed by a 'core' region of wealthy
countries despite being severely outnumbered in
population by those in a 'periphery' that are ignored.
There are many reasons why this global structure has
formed, but generally there are many barriers, physical
and political, that prevent the poorer citizens of the
world from participating in global relations. The
disparity of wealth between core and periphery
countries is staggering, with 15% of the global
population enjoying 75% of the world's annual income.

Global core and periphery

 The 'core' consists of Europe (excluding

Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus) , the United
States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand,
Japan, South Korea, and Israel. Within this
region is where most of the positive
characteristics of globalization typically occur:
transnational links, modern development (i.e.
higher wages, access to healthcare, adequate
food/water/shelter), scientific innovation, and
increasing economic prosperity. These
countries also tend to be highly industrialized.

 The 'periphery' consists of the countries in the

rest of the world: Africa, South America, Asia
(excluding Japan and South Korea), and Russia
and many of its neighbors. Although some parts
of this area exhibit positive development
(especially Pacific Rim locations in China), it is
generally characterized by extreme poverty and
a low standard of living. Health care is nonexistent in many places, there is less access to
potable water than in the industrialized core, and
poor infrastructure engenders slum conditions.

Influential global cities are the hubs/nodes of the

global interactions in the global economy

The Top 10 Most Global Cities

1. New York
2. London
3. Tokyo
4. Paris
5. Hong Kong
6. Chicago
7. Los Angeles
8. Singapore
9. Sydney
10. Seoul
A T Kearney Global Cities Index 2010
http://www.atkearney.com/index.php/Publications/global-cities-index.html

Ranking based on indicators

in the following;

Business activity
Human capital
Information exchange
Cultural experience
Political engagement